136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
74 citations
,
February 2011 in “Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain” Sumatriptan injections, high-flow oxygen, and verapamil effectively treat cluster headaches.
26 citations
,
November 2013 in “Neuroscience” Progesterone can reduce seizures without relying on the GABAA receptor pathway.
17 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Pharmacology” High levels of the seizure medication sodium valproate can cause hair loss.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
May 2024 in “Brain disorders” Agmatine may help reduce seizures linked to hormone changes in female rats.
June 2014 in “Belarusian State Pedagogical University repository (Belarusian State Pedagogical University)” Progesterone and its metabolites can prevent seizures without major side effects.
12 citations
,
August 2006 in “American Journal of Psychiatry” Topiramate may help improve disruptive behaviors in children with bipolar disorder.
29 citations
,
October 2009 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 21 citations
,
September 2008 in “Brain Research” Neurosteroids in the brain can increase or decrease seizure risk in mice.
201 citations
,
November 2002 in “Annals of internal medicine” Use NSAIDs for immediate migraine relief and β-blockers for prevention; tailor treatment to the individual.
April 2023 in “Neurology” Valproic acid is a more effective treatment for vomiting in Alexander disease than other medications, with few side effects.
May 2011 in “Psychiatric News” Horizant has risks like other seizure drugs, Johnson & Johnson misled about Risperdal, and Quanterix found a possible link between brain oxygen loss and Alzheimer's markers.
November 2001 in “The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences/The journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences” Divalproex sodium can unexpectedly cause agitation and hyperactivity in some patients.
September 2002 in “Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents” Stress increases neurosteroids that help prevent seizures.
19 citations
,
January 2012 in “Frontiers in Neural Circuits” Neurosteroids and benzodiazepines reduce neuron excitability, with lasting effects on inhibitory neurons.
3 citations
,
November 2022 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Electric pulse treatments for breast cancer show promise in being safer and more effective, with fewer side effects.
13 citations
,
November 2005 in “Epilepsia” Deoxycorticosterone and its metabolites help prevent seizures by interacting with specific receptors.
4 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology” New treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis are more effective and convenient but have higher risks of serious side effects.
13 citations
,
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience” Blocking the KATP channel may help treat migraines.
16 citations
,
May 2009 in “Journal of child neurology” Valproic acid does not change biotinidase enzyme activity in children's blood.
July 2015 in “Reactions weekly” Lamotrigine can cause hair loss in some patients.
April 2025 in “European Psychiatry” Mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder can cause skin issues, but severe reactions are rare.
19 citations
,
April 2011 in “Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain” Both topiramate and divalproex sodium effectively reduce migraine frequency and are generally well-tolerated.
2 citations
,
September 2014 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Sodium valproate can worsen psoriasis-like skin conditions.
73 citations
,
October 2001 in “Epilepsia” Children taking higher doses of valproic acid had lower biotinidase activity, which may lead to biotin deficiency, but biotin supplements could help.
6 citations
,
April 2022 in “Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy” Using three different drugs together may better treat eye diseases like glaucoma and macular degeneration.
January 2017 in “SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología” Agomelatine might help reduce hair loss caused by valproate.
December 2021 in “Black sea journal of health science” Valproic acid can cause a rare allergic reaction leading to fluid around the lungs and heart, which is treatable by changing medication.
January 2021 in “International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine” Propranolol, flunarizine, and divalproex sodium are equally effective for preventing migraines, but have different side effects.