36 citations
,
May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
July 2013 in “e-Jurnal Medika Udayana” Estrogen helps promote hair growth in women with androgenetic alopecia.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 21 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”
19 citations
,
June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
April 2023 in “Medicina Clínica (english Edition)”
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
32 citations
,
November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.
186 citations
,
December 2011 in “Molecules” Three specific 4-azasteroid-2-oximes showed strong enzyme inhibition, but less than finasteride.
January 2007 in “xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference”
February 2020 in “Definitions” 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors reduce the effects of testosterone by blocking its conversion into a stronger form.
18 citations
,
September 1979 in “DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Diane is effective for treating acne, seborrhoea, androgenic alopecia, and mild hirsutism in women.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” A postmenopausal woman's hormone imbalance and symptoms improved after removing benign ovarian tumors.
January 2007 in “Inpharma Weekly” Dutasteride is more effective for male pattern baldness than finasteride, and black cohosh extract BNO 1055 is as effective as conjugated estrogens in treating postmenopausal symptoms, with added benefits in reducing sweating and mental symptoms.
11 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
1 citations
,
July 2011 in “Climacteric” Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
65 citations
,
October 2008 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” 1 citations
,
July 2025 in “Functional Foods in Health and Disease” CL22209, an Asparagus racemosus extract, safely reduces perimenopausal symptoms and balances hormones.
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
11 citations
,
September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
1 citations
,
March 2021 in “F1000Research” Plant-based compounds might be effective, low-side-effect treatments for prostate cancer by blocking a specific enzyme.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.