research Evolution of hard proteins in the sauropsid integument in relation to the cornification of skin derivatives in amniotes
Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
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research Immunolocalization of a Histidine-Rich Epidermal Differentiation Protein in the Chicken Supports the Hypothesis of an Evolutionary Developmental Link between the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feather Barbs and Barbules
A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
research Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures
Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
research Immunolocalization of Scaffoldin, a Trichohyalin‐Like Protein, in the Epidermis of the Chicken Embryo
Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
research Evo Devo of the Vertebrates Integument
The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.
research The Story of the Finest Armor: Developmental Aspects of Reptile Skin
Reptile skin protects and prevents water loss, helping them adapt to land.
research Structural and Immunocytochemical Characterization of Keratinization in Vertebrate Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives
Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
research Molecular signaling in feather morphogenesis
Feather growth and regeneration involve complex patterns, stem cells, and evolutionary insights.
research Comprehensive molecular and cellular studies suggest avian scutate scales are secondarily derived from feathers, and more distant from reptilian scales
Bird scales evolved from feathers, not reptile scales.
research SKPs Derive from Hair Follicle Precursors and Exhibit Properties of Adult Dermal Stem Cells
SKPs are similar to adult skin stem cells and could help in skin repair and hair growth.
research Genomic Organization, Transcriptomic Analysis, and Functional Characterization of Avian α- and β-Keratins in Diverse Feather Forms
Feather diversity is due to different keratin gene combinations, and chickens can help study human keratin diseases.
research Review: Evolution and diversification of corneous beta‐proteins, the characteristic epidermal proteins of reptiles and birds
Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
research Cornification in reptilian epidermis occurs through the deposition of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) onto a scaffold of intermediate filament keratins
Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
research Recurrent functional divergence of early tetrapod keratins in amphibian toe pads and mammalian hair
Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
research Cornified Epithelial Teeth of Jawless Vertebrates Contain Proteins Similar to Keratin-Associated Proteins of Mammalian Skin Appendages
Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
research Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages
Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
research Identification of reptilian genes encoding hair keratin-like proteins suggests a new scenario for the evolutionary origin of hair
Reptiles have genes similar to hair proteins, suggesting hair's genetic origins predate mammals.
research Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates
Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
research Distribution of keratin and associated proteins in the epidermis of monotreme, marsupial, and placental mammals
Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
research Convergent evolution has led to the loss of claw proteins in snakes and worm lizards
Snakes and worm lizards lost claw proteins due to similar evolutionary changes.
research Terrestrial vertebrates have two keratin gene clusters; striking differences in teleost fish
Terrestrial vertebrates have balanced keratin gene clusters, unlike teleost fish.
research Ultrastructural localization of hair keratin homologs in the claw of the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
research Skin regional specification and higher-order HoxC regulation
A specific DNA duplication in Polish chickens affects feather shape by altering gene expression.
research Cloning, computational analysis and expression profiling of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) gene during reproductive phases and ovatide stimulation in endangered catfish, Clarias magur
The research identified and described a gene important for hormone conversion in endangered catfish, which varies in activity during different reproductive stages and after hormone treatment.
research Transient agonism of the sonic hedgehog pathway triggers a permanent transition of skin appendage fate in the chicken embryo
Activating the sonic hedgehog pathway in chicken embryos can permanently change scales to feathers.
research Developmental and evolutionary comparative analysis of a regulatory landscape in mouse and chicken
Gene regulation evolved differently in mouse and chicken skin, but remained stable in their trunks.
research Evidence for multiple, developmentally regulated isoforms of Ptprq on hair cells of the inner ear
Ptprq has multiple forms that change during inner ear development.
research remarks on the evolution of the integumental scale armour
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
research Dermo‐epidermal interactions in reptilian scales: Speculations on the evolution of scales, feathers, and hairs
Reptilian scales, feathers, and hairs evolved from changes in skin cell interactions.
research Reptile scale paradigm: Evo-Devo, pattern formation and regeneration
Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.