November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” BTNL2 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks.
50 citations
,
May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain immune cells contribute to skin autoimmune diseases, and some treatments can reverse hair loss in these conditions.
Botulinum toxin injections can reduce hair loss and stimulate new hair growth in some men with male pattern baldness.
61 citations
,
April 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Docetaxel and paclitaxel for breast cancer can cause permanent, severe hair loss.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Bacteroides fragilis and Microbacterium sp. T32 may be linked to autoimmune activity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and alopecia areata.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” 286 citations
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August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease where T cells attack hair follicles.
14 citations
,
March 2017 in “Genes and immunity” Certain microRNAs may help treat alopecia areata by targeting immune pathways.
24 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Botulinum toxin was found to be a safe and effective treatment for male pattern baldness in a small test, but more research is needed.
2 citations
,
May 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Tofacitinib helped a 19-year-old regrow hair after other treatments failed.
100 citations
,
July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Triamcinolone acetonide injections help hair regrow quickly in mild alopecia but not in severe cases.
3 citations
,
August 2020 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” ATP helps prevent skin damage from vandetanib by reducing stress.
1 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The Trichodysplasia spinulosa virus protein can cause abnormal hair growth in mice.
26 citations
,
May 2020 in “JCI Insight” Alopecia areata involves specific immune cells, offering potential treatment targets.
11 citations
,
September 2011 in “Biochemical journal” Neurotrophin-4 increases calcium current in specific mouse neurons through the PI3K pathway.
July 2019 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” The study found that alopecia areata is strongly linked to autoimmune diseases and may indicate a genetic predisposition to such conditions.
April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Certain small molecules can help regrow hair by turning on the body's cell cleanup process.
May 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Topical immunotherapy for alopecia areata may work by creating immune cell clusters in the skin.
February 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” JAK inhibitors may help treat alopecia areata by reversing hair loss.
248 citations
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September 2006 in “PLANT PHYSIOLOGY” Extracellular ATP is crucial for plant root growth and signaling.
Different botulinum toxin products and concentrations can effectively reduce sweating, itching, bladder pressure, hair loss, and muscle spasms.
88 citations
,
August 2019 in “Frontiers in immunology” Tyrosine kinases are important in skin autoimmune diseases and could be targets for new treatments.
1 citations
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April 2012 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Some medications for inflammation can cause a condition with scalp rashes and hair loss, often linked to Crohn's disease, and may require treatment changes to prevent permanent hair loss.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “Einstein (São Paulo)” Topical tofacitinib shows promise as a future treatment for alopecia areata.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Botulinum toxin is not effective for treating male hair loss.
July 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” Baricitinib combined with other immune therapies may safely and effectively treat severe scalp hair loss.
October 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Neuronatin is found in various cells of rat tissues and has a unique location in sperm cells.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” A new treatment using nanoparticles can effectively prevent and reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.
16 citations
,
March 2022 in “Archives of Toxicology” Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins are better understood now, with updated information on their effects and treatment.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tissue environment greatly affects the unique epigenetic makeup of regulatory T cells, which could impact autoimmune disease treatment.