January 2023 in “National journal of physiology, pharmacy and pharmacology” Low-dose methotrexate is generally safe but can cause mild to severe side effects, and folic acid can reduce these risks.
Azathioprine can cause severe hair loss and low white blood cell count in lupus patients.
1 citations
,
March 1989 in “The BMJ” A woman's hair grew back while she was taking sulphasalazine for arthritis.
1 citations
,
June 2013 in “Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases” Methotrexate plus prednisolone had the fewest serious side effects.
5 citations
,
January 2021 in “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases” Tofacitinib improved ulcerative colitis, skin ulcers, and hair loss in a patient who didn't respond well to other treatments.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” Upadacitinib may help treat difficult cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.
18 citations
,
November 2018 in “Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore” Sulfasalazine can cause severe allergic reactions leading to long-term autoimmune issues like hair loss and skin discoloration.
5 citations
,
November 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Anifrolumab effectively improved symptoms and reduced steroid use in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Mycophenolate mofetil is a good alternative for autoimmune hepatitis patients who can't tolerate azathioprine.
41 citations
,
December 2015 in “JAMA Dermatology” Tofacitinib citrate improved nail dystrophy and pain in patients with alopecia universalis without causing side effects.
51 citations
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July 2003 in “Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases” Co-trimoxazole may help treat autoimmune diseases.
29 citations
,
January 2016 in “CNS drugs” Teriflunomide is effective and generally safe for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
1 citations
,
July 2019 in “Clinical Rheumatology” Leflunomide is more likely to help treat alopecia areata than cause it.
72 citations
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November 2015 in “Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders” Teriflunomide is safe and tolerable for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, with manageable side effects.
20 citations
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December 2016 in “Neurodegenerative disease management” Teriflunomide effectively reduces relapses and disability in MS and has a manageable safety profile.
January 2021 in “Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020” Tofacitinib improved arthritis and partially improved hair loss in a lupus patient without side effects.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Dermatologic Therapy” A patient with alopecia had hair regrowth with tofacitinib but developed a skin reaction, choosing to continue the treatment despite the side effect.
April 2015 in “Reactions Weekly” Some elderly men had healing problems after using imiquimod and diclofenac for skin conditions on their scalps.
March 2024 in “Poster presentations” Anifrolumab improves quality of life and reduces steroid use in SLE patients.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Tofacitinib was more effective than methotrexate for treating alopecia areata.
January 2025 in “Journal of Crohn s and Colitis” Tofacitinib is effective and safe for elderly patients with ulcerative colitis.
2 citations
,
June 2020 in “Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology” Tofacitinib effectively treated both ulcerative colitis and alopecia areata in two patients.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Tofacitinib is more effective than methotrexate for treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
5 citations
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July 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”
10 citations
,
August 2020 in “Drug metabolism and drug interactions” The NUDT15 gene variant causes severe side effects from azathioprine in some Indian patients.
MTX and GC combinations are the most effective for early rheumatoid arthritis.
October 2024 in “Internal Medicine” Stopping nalfurafine reversed hair loss in a hemodialysis patient.
November 2015 in “Ankara Medical Journal” Weekly 5 mg folate is enough to prevent methotrexate toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
51 citations
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August 2015 in “Cochrane library” Methotrexate is not proven to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis.
January 2024 in “Journal of Crohn's and colitis” Janus Kinase inhibitors are effective and have an acceptable safety profile for treating moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis.