May 2026 in “Electronic Journal of General Medicine” Irisin and betatrophin levels change differently in PCOS, which may help assess metabolic risks.
December 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” People with severe acne tend to have higher levels of betatrophin.
62 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Mutations in the ACTB gene cause Becker’s nevi and may lead to muscle issues in Becker’s nevus syndrome.
Thymosin β4 helps with healing, inflammation, and organ protection.
110 citations
,
April 2009 in “Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton” β‐thymosins, especially thymosin β4, help in heart protection, wound healing, and hair growth by stabilizing actin in cells.
12 citations
,
December 2022 in “Current Protein and Peptide Science” Thymosin β4 helps in cell activities, healing, and organ preservation, and treats hair loss and skin injuries.
4 citations
,
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormones are crucial for regulating body functions and imbalances can lead to health issues.
3 citations
,
November 2021 in “Protein and Peptide Letters” β-thymosin in invertebrates is more complex and diverse than in vertebrates.
8 citations
,
May 2017 in “IUBMB life” Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.
April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Astrotactin2 affects hair follicle orientation and skin cell polarity.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” BTNL2 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks.
7 citations
,
July 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” The study concluded that a protein important for hair strength is regulated by certain molecular processes and is affected by growth phases.
265 citations
,
July 2012 in “Cell” The study found that sweat glands contain different types of stem cells that help with healing and maintaining healthy skin.
55 citations
,
September 2014 in “Development” Wnt, Eda, and Shh pathways are crucial for different stages of sweat gland development in mice.
2 citations
,
January 2019 in “Medizinische Genetik” The document reports findings on genetic research, including ethical concerns about genome editing, improved diagnosis of mitochondrial mutations, solving inherited eye diseases, confirming gene roles in epilepsy, linking a gene to aneurysms, and identifying genes associated with age-related macular degeneration.
January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.
40 citations
,
May 2005 in “Journal of Cell Science” Truncated LTBP-1 disrupts TGF-β signaling, affecting hair growth.
August 2019 in “Journal of Invertebrate Pathology” Thymosin beta 4 protects cells from damage by blocking a harmful microRNA and boosting a protective gene.
May 2005 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Truncated LTBP-1 disrupts TGF-beta signaling, affecting hair growth.
8 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Astrotactin-2 is cleaved in a specific way that helps understand its maturation.
36 citations
,
October 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Betacellulin helps blood vessel growth in wounds but delays hair growth.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
March 2026 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” LTBP1 is a key regulator in diseases and a potential target for new treatments.
PTHrP is important for bone formation and may be targeted for osteoporosis treatment and longevity therapies.
288 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Tgm2 helps stabilize dying cells and aids fibroblast attachment to the extracellular matrix.
37 citations
,
January 2010 in “Human Molecular Genetics” FTase and GGTase-I are essential for skin keratinocyte health.
34 citations
,
December 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Too much thymosin beta4 causes weird teeth and more hair growth in mice.
15 citations
,
June 2015 in “PLoS ONE” Thymosin beta-4 promotes hair growth in mice.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” BTNL2 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks, which could aid in treating alopecia areata.
24 citations
,
September 2019 in “Experimental cell research” BMP2 helps hair follicle stem cells become specialized by increasing PTEN, which causes autophagy.