May 2026 in “Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases” A postmenopausal woman with androgenic alopecia and hirsutism was found to have a Leydig cell tumor despite normal imaging, as indicated by elevated testosterone levels. Surgical removal of the tumor led to hormonal normalization and clinical improvement, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of detecting occult androgen-secreting tumors in postmenopausal women. This case emphasizes the importance of considering Leydig cell tumors in the differential diagnosis of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, even when imaging does not reveal abnormalities.
21 citations
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April 2016 in “International Journal of Oncology” GnRH treatment can reduce breast cancer cell invasion.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking thyroid medication reduced the patient's pituitary gland swelling and improved her symptoms.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgery improved symptoms and normalized hormone levels in a woman with an adrenal tumor.
6 citations
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August 2006 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Two teenage brothers had a rare, treatment-resistant form of female-pattern hair loss with unusual scalp changes.
October 2025 in “F1000Research” Postmenopausal women with excess male hormones may have ovarian tumors, and surgery usually cures them.
1 citations
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April 2016 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open” Oncoplastic breast surgery is more cost-effective than standard lumpectomy for large-breasted women despite being more expensive.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A man's rare adrenal tumor caused feminization and white hair, was removed surgically, and improved after treatment.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
September 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Bicalutamide may help treat female pattern hair loss.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
January 2015 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” A 25-year-old man had an unusual case of benign skin tumors and hair loss.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Ovarian hyperthecosis should be considered in young women with severe male-like symptoms and can be managed with hormone treatments.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
June 2002 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, often caused by high androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome, can be treated with medication and weight management.
6 citations
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March 2021 in “Frontiers in surgery” A woman's symptoms of increased body hair and testosterone were caused by a rare adrenal tumor, which was removed successfully.
68 citations
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January 2013 in “BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology” Glibenclamide slows breast cancer cell growth by stopping cell division.
5 citations
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October 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.
April 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” A young woman had a rare, aggressive ovarian tumor that was hard to diagnose and treat, leading to disease progression despite treatment.
January 2015 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” A 5-year-old girl with McCune-Albright syndrome grew abnormal hair due to the drug tamoxifen.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
19 citations
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May 2013 in “Annals of Oncology” Aromatase inhibitors cause male pattern hair loss in women.
August 2025 in “Endokrynologia Polska” A rare pancreatic tumor caused a woman's male-like features, treated successfully with surgery and medication.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.
July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH agonist effectively diagnoses and treats postmenopausal hyperandrogenism from ovarian sources.
January 2024 in “Journal of surgical case reports” Removing an adrenal tumor can significantly reduce high androgen levels in postmenopausal women.
11 citations
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February 1980 in “BMJ. British medical journal” Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.