January 2025 in “HORMONES” Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.
4 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
5 citations
,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.
17 citations
,
November 2000 in “Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association” The document concludes that low-dose oral contraceptives and hormonal therapies can manage perimenopause symptoms and reduce some health risks, but lifestyle changes and disease screening are also important.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
June 2023 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Bicalutamide mesotherapy improved hair density in women with hair loss and was well received.
9 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
September 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Bicalutamide may help treat female pattern hair loss.
62 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive is more effective and safer for treating hirsutism than using either alone.
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
53 citations
,
January 1985 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Low-dose oral contraceptives reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
10 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
6 citations
,
November 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Hormone replacement therapy can improve menopausal skin quality, but it's not recommended just for skin due to limited evidence.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
May 1963 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Injecting 2 ml of TEEV every 4 weeks is better because it has the same benefits but fewer side effects.
21 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
June 2023 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Menopause”