79 citations
,
January 2002 in “Nucleic Acids Research” BMP-2 activates the Dlx3 gene in mouse skin cells, important for hair and skin development.
165 citations
,
December 2004 in “Differentiation” BMP signaling is crucial for skin and hair growth.
26 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Molecular Cell Biology” Endoglin is crucial for proper hair growth cycles and stem cell activation in mice.
December 2017 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Endoglin is important for proper hair growth cycles and stem cell activation in hair follicles.
Higher TGF-β signaling may increase skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The BMP/Smads pathway and Id2 gene control hair follicle stem cells, affecting their rest and growth phases.
28 citations
,
July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
111 citations
,
June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal” Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.
321 citations
,
January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
59 citations
,
March 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
November 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Nitrate can boost hair growth by activating certain pathways and reducing others.
July 2026 in “Marine Drugs” The study examined the effects of low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptide (SH-GT) on hair regrowth in a mouse model, involving 9 mice per group. SH-GT was administered orally at doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days, resulting in significant hair regrowth, increased dermal thickness, and higher hair follicle density. SH-GT activated proliferative signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, while suppressing inhibitory pathways like BMP/Smad. It also increased the expression of growth factors such as IGF-1, HGF, VEGF, EGF, and FGF7, suggesting SH-GT as a potential functional ingredient for promoting hair growth. Further research, including human trials, is recommended.
April 2024 in “Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy” Pilose antler extract helps hair grow in mice with a type of hair loss by speeding up the growth phase.
82 citations
,
February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
21 citations
,
May 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Costunolide helps human hair cells grow and can stimulate hair growth in mice.
August 2025 in “Animal nutrition” α-Ketoglutaric acid improves hair growth, rabbit performance, and antioxidant levels.
18 citations
,
January 2013 in “Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine” Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix helps mouse stem cells grow and turn into bone cells faster than usual methods.
23 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell Proliferation” TGF-β and FGF pathways are crucial for skin development and regeneration.
43 citations
,
December 2008 in “Molecular biology of the cell” Disrupting Smad4 in mouse skin causes early hair follicle stem cell activity that leads to their eventual depletion.
84 citations
,
October 2014 in “PLoS Genetics” Wnt signaling is essential for forming the skin's spinous layer through a BMP-FGF pathway.
31 citations
,
September 2013 in “Stem Cells” Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.
19 citations
,
September 2019 in “PLOS genetics” Telomere damage affects skin and hair follicle stem cells by messing up important growth signals.
71 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of molecular cell biology/Journal of Molecular Cell Biology” mTOR signaling helps activate hair stem cells by balancing out the suppression caused by BMP during hair growth.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “eLife” TLR2 is important for hair growth and can be targeted to treat hair loss.
Deleting Smad4 and PTEN genes in mice causes rapid, invasive forestomach cancer.
Deleting Smad4 and PTEN genes in mice causes rapid, invasive stomach cancer.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Cell Death Discovery” Increasing Smurf2 hinders hair follicle stem cell differentiation and wound healing.
147 citations
,
September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” HPH-15, a new compound, effectively reduces skin fibrosis in experiments without causing harm.
12 citations
,
June 2020 in “The anatomical record” miR-203a-3p helps hair follicle stem cells become specialized by targeting Smad1.