February 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” PCOS women have more arm fat and higher insulin resistance and glucose levels than non-PCOS women.
March 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal/Middle East Fertility Society Journal ” PCOS patients have more central body fat, which can be effectively measured using DEXA.
149 citations
,
December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
27 citations
,
October 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
5 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Diagnose and manage hair issues in women by checking medical conditions and using personalized treatments.
December 2025 in “Reports of Morphology” Men with alopecia areata have different body fat distribution compared to healthy men.
MFN2 mutations cause mitochondrial problems, unusual fat distribution, and low leptin despite high body fat.
90 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
MFN2 mutations cause mitochondrial problems, leading to more upper body fat and lower leptin levels.
506 citations
,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
September 2002 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin can start ovulation and may lower 17P response in PCOS, but six months is too short to improve hair growth or change body fat distribution.
1 citations
,
June 2001 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Troglitazone increases subcutaneous fat in lipodystrophy patients.
Women with PCOS have different body composition and some metabolic differences compared to healthy women.
November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Men are increasingly interested in cosmetic treatments that enhance masculinity and address aging without downtime, with tailored approaches for different ethnicities and a focus on hair restoration and body contouring.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
1 citations
,
October 1984 in “Clinics in dermatology” People distressed by minor skin changes should consult dermatologists with cosmetic expertise, and a public Cosmetic Dermatology Service with mental health support is recommended.
270 citations
,
April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.
37 citations
,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “Cureus” Women with PCOS have higher irisin levels, which may affect their metabolism and hormones.
10 citations
,
February 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Metformin effectively improves metabolic symptoms in women with PCOS, while alfacalcidiol does not have a significant impact.
18 citations
,
December 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Increased HSD11B1 enzyme expression is linked to higher body fat and insulin resistance.
4 citations
,
March 2021 in “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” Women with PCOS have higher body fat and skinfold thickness, especially in the H-O-POM phenotype.
Men with hair loss may have more body fat and different blood characteristics.
September 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Looking older on the outside might be linked to aging faster on the inside and can be affected by lifestyle choices and health risks.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “Current Opinion in Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
42 citations
,
May 2016 in “Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology” Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.