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Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.

Mouse skin has special cells in the epidermis that decrease with age and are linked to keratinocyte stem cells.

Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.

Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.

Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.

A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Cosmetic procedures can trigger pemphigus, an autoimmune disease.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

SACUMAN, a rare condition causing hair loss without clear signs, is often misdiagnosed and needs scalp biopsies for accurate detection.

Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.

Dermatologists perform most outpatient cosmetic procedures in the U.S., especially on white women aged 40 to 59.

Higher early lead exposure is linked to delayed puberty in girls.

Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.

High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.

The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.

Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.

The document reports the first Brazilian case of a girl with Becker nevus syndrome, characterized by skin changes, breast underdevelopment, and scoliosis.

African-American girls tend to start puberty earlier than white girls, possibly due to increased androgen production.

Alopecia areata patients have varied cancer risks, with some cancers being lower and others higher.

A mare had severe symptoms and died from a large lymphoma.

Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.

Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.