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GlossaryCalcium-binding proteins

molecules that bind calcium ions, crucial for cellular processes

Calcium-binding proteins are molecules that can bind calcium ions (Ca2+), playing crucial roles in various cellular processes such as muscle contraction, nerve function, and cell signaling. Examples include calmodulin and troponin, which help regulate activities by changing their shape or function in response to calcium levels.

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research The structure of human trichohyalin. Potential multiple roles as a functional EF-hand-like calcium-binding protein, a cornified cell envelope precursor, and an intermediate filament-associated (cross-linking) protein

161 citations , June 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Trichohyalin helps in hair and skin cell structure and function by binding calcium and linking proteins.

Expression of Calcium-Binding S100 Proteins A4 and A6 in Regions of the Epithelial Sac Associated with the Onset of Hair Follicle Regeneration

research Expression of Calcium-Binding S100 Proteins A4 and A6 in Regions of the Epithelial Sac Associated with the Onset of Hair Follicle Regeneration

72 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may activate stem cells for hair follicle regeneration and could be potential targets for hair loss treatments.

research Ultrastructural Localization of S100A3, a Cysteine-rich, Calcium Binding Protein, in Human Scalp Hair Shafts Revealed by Rapid-freezing Immunocytochemistry

40 citations , April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.

research Selective Expression of Calcium-Binding Proteins S100A8 and S100A9 at Distinct Sites of Hair Follicles

22 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

S100A8 and S100A9 proteins help form hair shafts during growth.

research The structure of human trichohyalin : potential multiple roles as a functional ef-hand-like calcium-binding protein, a cornified cell envelope precursor, and an intermediate filament-associated (cross-linking) protein

2 citations , January 1993

Trichohyalin is a versatile protein involved in hair and skin structure.

research Human Trichohyalin Gene Is Clustered with the Genes for Other Epidermal Structural Proteins and Calcium-Binding Proteins at Chromosomal Locus 1q21

January 1993

The trichohyalin gene is located at chromosomal region 1q21 with other skin-related protein genes.

research Gene Expression of Mouse S100A3, a Cysteine-Rich Calcium-Binding Protein, in Developing Hair Follicle

40 citations , November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.

research The calcium-binding protein calretinin is a marker of the companion cell layer of the human hair follicle

26 citations , June 2005 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Calretinin identifies the companion cell layer in human hair follicles.

research Characterization of the cysteine-rich calcium-binding S100A3 protein from human hair cuticles

17 citations , December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications”

Scientists found out how a specific protein in human hair cuticles behaves and is structured.

research Expression of Calcyclin, a Calcium-Binding Protein, in the Keratogenous Region of Growing Hair Follicles

40 citations , March 1991 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Human Trichohyalin Gene Is Clustered with the Genes for Other Epidermal Structural Proteins and Calcium-Binding Proteins at Chromosomal Locus 1q21

37 citations , January 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Evidence for various calcium sites in human hair shaft revealed by sub-micrometer X-ray fluorescence

31 citations , December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)”

The research found two types of calcium in human hair, one that varies among individuals and another that is consistent across people.

research S100A6 Protein—Expression and Function in Norm and Pathology

21 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

S100A6 protein is linked to disease progression, especially in cancers.

research CaBP1 and 2 enable sustained CaV1.3 calcium currents and synaptic transmission in inner hair cells

1 citations , January 2024

CaBP1 and CaBP2 are necessary for proper hearing and neurotransmission in the ear's inner hair cells.

research CaBP1 and 2 enable sustained CaV1.3 calcium currents and synaptic transmission in inner hair cells

January 2024

CaBP1 and CaBP2 are necessary for proper hearing and neurotransmission in the ear's inner hair cells.

research Reviewer #1 (Public Review): CaBP1 and 2 enable sustained CaV1.3 calcium currents and synaptic transmission in inner hair cells

January 2024

CaBP1 and CaBP2 are important for maintaining hearing by supporting continuous calcium currents and nerve signaling in the ear.

Elucidating the Roles of Three β-Glucuronosyltransferases Acting on Arabinogalactan-Proteins Using a CRISPR-Cas9 Multiplexing Approach in Arabidopsis

research Elucidating the roles of three β-glucuronosyltransferases (GLCATs) acting on arabinogalactan-proteins using a CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexing approach in Arabidopsis

28 citations , May 2020 in “BMC plant biology”

The study concluded that three enzymes are important for plant development by affecting sugar composition and calcium binding in plants.

research Presence of a Deletion Mutation (c.716delA) in the Ligand Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor in an Indian Patient with Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type II

18 citations , November 2009 in “Calcified tissue international”

A genetic mutation caused severe rickets and alopecia in an Indian patient, but high-dose calcium and phosphate treatment improved their condition.

research Evidence for calcium soaps in human hair shaft revealed by sub-micrometer X-ray fluorescence

7 citations , March 2003 in “Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)”

Calcium soaps are present in human hair and can be removed with acid.

research Bone‐forming cells with pronounced spread into the third dimension in polymer scaffolds fabricated by two‐photon polymerization

28 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A”

Bone-forming cells grow well in 3D polymer scaffolds with 35 µm pores.

research Horn With Miliary Calcification in Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2 citations , June 2003 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

A unique case of skin cancer showed unusual calcification, possibly linked to calcium-binding proteins.

Molecular Profiling of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Reveals TH1 and JAK-STAT Up-Regulation with No Suppression of Hair Keratins

research 1322 Molecular profiling of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) reveals TH1 and JAK-STAT up-regulation with no suppression of hair keratins

2 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Frontal fibrosing alopecia shows increased inflammation and JAK-STAT pathway activity without reduced hair proteins.

research Analysis of the sheep trichohyalin gene: potential structural and calcium-binding roles of trichohyalin in the hair follicle.

72 citations , May 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Trichohyalin in sheep hair follicles may help with structure and calcium binding.

research Specific Citrullination Causes Assembly of a Globular S100A3 Homotetramer

62 citations , December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.

Deletion of DNA Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Abrogates Genomic and Nongenomic Functions of Vitamin D

research Deletion of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Abrogates Genomic and Nongenomic Functions of Vitamin D

277 citations , July 2002 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

research The lanceolate hair rat phenotype results from a missense mutation in a calcium coordinating site of the desmoglein 4 gene

50 citations , February 2004 in “Genomics”

A gene mutation causes lanceolate hair in rats by disrupting hair shaft integrity.

research Tryptophan Missense Mutation in the Ligand‐Binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor Causes Severe Resistance to 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D

47 citations , September 2002 in “Journal of Bone and Mineral Research”

A mutation in the vitamin D receptor causes severe resistance to vitamin D, affecting bone health but not hair growth.

research 876 Imaging nanoscale changes in desmosome protein organization

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Desmoglein 3 organization in cell connections changes without calcium, affecting cell adhesion.

research Isolation and Characterization of Human Repetin, a Member of the Fused Gene Family of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex

77 citations , April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Repetin is a protein involved in skin and hair development, binding calcium and compensating for other proteins when needed.

Parathyroid Hormone Linked to a Collagen Binding Domain Promotes Hair Growth in a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in a Dose-Dependent Manner

research Parathyroid hormone linked to a collagen binding domain promotes hair growth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in a dose-dependent manner

8 citations , April 2014 in “Anti-Cancer Drugs”

A hormone linked to collagen helps hair grow back in mice after chemotherapy, and may also prevent bone loss.