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GlossaryCell Reprogramming

process of converting specialized cells into stem cell-like states

Cell Reprogramming, also known as Cellular Reprogramming, is a process where specialized cells, such as skin cells, are converted back into a more primitive, stem cell-like state. This is typically achieved by introducing specific genes or proteins that reset the cell's identity, allowing it to potentially develop into different types of cells. This technique holds significant promise for regenerative medicine, including treatments for conditions like alopecia, where new hair follicles could be generated from reprogrammed cells.

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research Direct cellular reprogramming enables development of viral T antigen–driven Merkel cell carcinoma in mice

14 citations , February 2022 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation”

Scientists made a mouse model of a serious skin cancer by changing skin cells with a virus and a specific gene, which is similar to the disease in humans.

research Regulation of somatic cell reprogramming through inducible mir-302 expression

308 citations , September 2010 in “Nucleic acids research”

Increasing mir-302 turns human hair cells into stem cells by changing gene regulation and demethylation.

research Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into hair-inducing dermal papilla cell-like cells by a single small molecule

January 2025 in “Biochemical Pharmacology”

Peficitinib can turn human fibroblasts into cells that help grow hair.

research Hypoxia in Cell Reprogramming and the Epigenetic Regulations

36 citations , January 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Hypoxia and epigenetics are crucial for cell growth and tissue regeneration.

research Follistatin promotes LIN28B-mediated supporting cell reprogramming and hair cell regeneration in the murine cochlea

16 citations , February 2022 in “Science Advances”

Follistatin and LIN28B together improve the ability of inner ear cells in mice to regenerate into hearing cells.

PBX Homeobox 1 Enhances Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Reprogramming Through Activation of the AKT/Glycogen Synthase Kinase Signaling Pathway and Suppression of Apoptosis

research PBX homeobox 1 enhances hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and reprogramming through activation of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase signaling pathway and suppression of apoptosis

26 citations , August 2019 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

PBX1 helps hair stem cells grow and change by turning on certain cell signals and preventing cell death, which may be useful for hair regrowth treatments.

research Small molecules facilitate single factor-mediated sweat gland cell reprogramming

9 citations , March 2022 in “Military Medical Research”

Small molecules can help turn skin cells into sweat gland-like cells for potential skin repair.

research Stem cell dynamics, migration and plasticity during wound healing

211 citations , November 2018 in “Nature Cell Biology”

Stem cells help heal skin wounds by moving and changing roles, working with other cells, and needing more research on their activation and behavior.

research Cell fate decisions: emerging roles for metabolic signals and cell morphology

100 citations , November 2017 in “EMBO Reports”

Metabolic signals and cell shape influence how cells develop and change.

research Reprogramming of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

26 citations , February 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Human hair follicle cells can be successfully transformed into different types of cells, but not more efficiently than other adult cells.

research Lineage potential, plasticity and environmental reprogramming of epithelial stem/progenitor cells

4 citations , May 2014 in “Biochemical Society Transactions”

Environmental cues can change the fate and function of epithelial cells, with potential for cell therapy.

research Microenvironmental reprogramming of thymic epithelial cells to skin multipotent stem cells

116 citations , August 2010 in “Nature”

Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.

Role of Beta-Catenin Activation Levels and Fluctuations in Controlling Cell Fate

research Role of β-Catenin Activation Levels and Fluctuations in Controlling Cell Fate

28 citations , February 2019 in “Genes”

Proper control of β-catenin activity is crucial for development and preventing diseases like cancer.

research A novel and safe small molecule enhances hair follicle regeneration by facilitating metabolic reprogramming

19 citations , December 2018 in “Experimental and Molecular Medicine”

Small molecule IM boosts hair growth by changing stem cell metabolism.

research Shushing down the epigenetic landscape towards stem cell differentiation

1 citations , June 2010 in “Development”

The document concludes that pig iPSCs show promise for transplant therapies and the field is advancing in controlling cell behavior for biology and medicine.

research Linking chromatin dynamics, cell fate plasticity, and tissue homeostasis in adult mouse hair follicle stem cells

3 citations , July 2017 in “Endogenous locus-driven H-Ras G12V expression induces senescence-like phenotype in primary fibroblasts of the Costello syndrome mouse model”

Mouse hair follicle stem cells have a flexible chromatin state that supports skin health and hair growth.

research Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: A Promising Remedy for Hypopigmentation Disorders

1 citations , May 2017 in “Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapeutics”

Pluripotent stem cells show promise for treating skin color loss disorders like vitiligo.

research Diabetes Mellitus Inhibits Hair Follicle Regeneration by Inducing Macrophage Reprogramming-Mediated Pyroptosis

September 2024 in “Journal of Inflammation Research”

Type 1 Diabetes prevents hair growth by causing cell death in hair follicles.

research Reprogramming of Aged Dermal Papilla Cells in Vitro: In Silico Insight into the Biomarkers of Hair Growth and Tissue Repair

December 2025 in “Preprints.org”

Aging dermal papilla cells can be reprogrammed for potential hair growth and skin repair.

Microenvironmental Reprogramming by Three-Dimensional Culture Enables Dermal Papilla Cells to Induce De Novo Human Hair-Follicle Growth

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of Microenvironmental reprogramming by three-dimensional culture enables dermal papilla cells to induce de novo human hair-follicle growth.

October 2013 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

Three-dimensional culture helps dermal papilla cells grow new human hair follicles.

research Synergistic antioxidant-antimicrobial-immunomodulatory self-healing “radical sponge” hydrogel for diabetic wound regeneration via microenvironment reprogramming mediated by coordinated MAPK suppression and PI3K-AKT activation

March 2026 in “Chemical Engineering Journal”

The hydrogel helps heal diabetic wounds by combining antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-boosting effects.

research Differential Expression of Proteins Associated with the Hair Follicle Cycle - Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analyses

10 citations , January 2016 in “PLOS ONE”

Researchers found 44 proteins that change during different hair growth stages and may be important for hair follicle function.

research Wound-Induced Hair Follicle Neogenesis as a Promising Approach for Hair Regeneration

August 2023 in “Molecules and Cells”

Hair can regrow after significant damage through a process similar to how it forms before birth, involving stem cells and various cell types and signals. This could be a new way to prevent scarring and promote hair growth.

Chitosan in Dermatology: Applications and Benefits

research Chitosan in Dermatology

January 2018 in “Clinical dermatology open access journal”

Chitosan is useful in skin treatments because it helps with wound healing and cell growth.

The Extracellular Matrix Dictates Regional Competence for Tumor Initiation

research Fibroblasts become fat to reduce scarring

13 citations , February 2017 in “Science”

Turning scar-forming cells into fat cells can reduce scarring.

research Epidermal stem cells: an update on their potential in regenerative medicine

9 citations , March 2013 in “Expert opinion on biological therapy”

Epidermal stem cells have potential for personalized regenerative medicine but need careful handling to avoid cancer.