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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
January 2024 in “Hypertension research” More research is needed to understand sex and racial differences in long COVID.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
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March 2022 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have more sexual function issues than those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but physical activity can improve sexual functioning in all women.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors, and their effects differ from men.
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January 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine” Taiwanese women with PCOS experience different symptoms based on age, with younger women facing more hormone imbalances and older women dealing with more metabolic issues.
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January 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Women are more likely to have long-term post-COVID symptoms than men.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A man's rare adrenal tumor caused feminization and white hair, was removed surgically, and improved after treatment.
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January 1999 in “Current Pharmaceutical Design” Antiandrogen therapy is effective and well tolerated for treating women's androgenic disorders like hirsutism, acne, and hair loss.
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June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
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May 2017 in “Maturitas” Women with premature ovarian insufficiency have a worse cardiovascular risk profile than premenopausal women.
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April 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Caucasian and Asian women with PCOS generally show similar symptoms, except Asian women have less chest hair.
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April 2015 in “Human Reproduction” Obese Hispanic women with PCOS are at higher risk for metabolic problems than non-Hispanic white women.
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June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
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March 2006 in “Archives of Dermatology” The conclusion is that dermatologists can improve women's skin health but must overcome cultural and economic barriers to do so.
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November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
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December 2020 in “Endocrine and metabolic science” The healthcare for transgender veterans could be better with a more unified team approach.
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September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.
Testosterone therapy may help women with low sexual desire after surgical menopause.
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November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Women with androgen excess, especially those with PCOS, have a much higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
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February 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Screen young women with menstrual issues, acne, or excess hair for high cortisol to avoid misdiagnosis.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
January 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” Ovarian thecomas can cause virilization in postmenopausal women and are treated with surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.