December 2025 in “Biology” Male and female mice handle stress differently.
6 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Male mice with FGF5 mutations grow longer hair than females.
20 citations
,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
23 citations
,
March 1958 in “JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Male-to-female skin grafts in mice are rejected due to sex-linked antigens.
May 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Testosterone significantly affects urination differences between male and female mice.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
97 citations
,
March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.
January 2013 in “Reproductive Biology” 4 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine” Hormonal changes during the reproductive cycle may cause seasonal skin problems in captive female fossas.
11 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
December 2022 in “Brazilian Journal of Health Review” Patients with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome need psychological support and multidisciplinary care for complex treatment decisions.
52 citations
,
March 2022 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Females have stronger immune responses to COVID-19 than males, leading to better outcomes.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmacology” Both steroids, especially cyproterone acetate, harm quail's vital organs.
Cyproterone slightly inhibited hair growth in castrated mice, while tamoxifen significantly inhibited hair growth in castrated mice but not in normal mice.
134 citations
,
June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.
20 citations
,
July 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The fuzzy gene is crucial for controlling hair growth cycles.
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
10 citations
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February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
December 2025 in “Biomedicines” Addressing body image and weight can help improve female sexual dysfunction.
4 citations
,
March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
138 citations
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November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
23 citations
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April 2010 in “Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology” The piRNA pathway genes are crucial in early development and may influence sex differentiation through hormone regulation.
April 2024 in “BMB Reports” Lack of Cisd2 disrupts calcium balance in cells, leading to poorly functioning neutrophils.
38 citations
,
May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
8 citations
,
August 2022 in “BMC Veterinary Research” C57BL/6 mice and SD rats have different sweat gland and hair follicle patterns, useful for skin research.
March 2026 in “Sexual Development” Tortoiseshell tomcats with XX/XY chimerism can be fertile.