32 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
52 citations
,
January 2016 in “Sexual Development” Both genetic and hormonal factors are crucial for bird sex differentiation, and disturbances can cause sex reversal.
October 2025 in “Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecological Practices POGS” 51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Mandarin duck sail feathers change with seasons due to hormones and genetic regulation.
September 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for complex medical conditions.
57 citations
,
August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
37 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine”
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.
1 citations
,
October 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The document concludes that treatments for hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse individuals include topical solutions, oral medications, laser therapy, and hair restoration procedures, with progress assessed after 6-12 months.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Skin issues from testosterone therapy in transgender men can be managed with combined dermatology and endocrinology care.
4 citations
,
May 2007 in “Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America” Understanding gender differences and individual patient characteristics is essential for optimal cosmetic surgery outcomes.
210 citations
,
November 2015 in “The Lancet HIV” PrEP for HIV is less effective in transgender women mainly due to low adherence to the treatment.
97 citations
,
March 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.
Facial hair is crucial for gender affirmation, but many face financial barriers to achieving desired results.
April 2024 in “Pediatric dermatology” Transgender and gender diverse youth often have skin issues like acne and scarring, but few get referred to dermatologists.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
January 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can lead to hair loss, with the risk increasing over time and influenced by family history.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” Men who strongly follow traditional masculinity are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to feel powerful and successful.
11 citations
,
September 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Young transgender, gender diverse, and nonbinary people on spironolactone have a low risk of high potassium, so frequent monitoring may not be needed.