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Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.

Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.

GnRH analogues are effective for diagnosing and treating female androgen excess, offering a non-surgical option.

Reduced androgens linked to kinky hair disorder and hair loss; 5a-reductase inhibitors may help.

A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.

Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.

A new gene, JMJD1C, may affect testosterone levels in men.

The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.

Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.

Combining stem cell-conditioned media with anti-androgen drugs can improve hair growth in male pattern baldness.

Antiandrogenic treatments can effectively manage certain skin conditions by using female hormones.

The oral contraceptive alone is the preferred treatment for hirsutism, as adding the GnRH analog showed no significant benefit.

Bicalutamide may reduce hair shedding in women but needs longer trials to confirm its effectiveness.

Myo-inositol plus α-lactalbumin works better than myo-inositol alone for improving symptoms of PCOS.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Low-dose anti-androgen drugs and certain drug combinations are effective for hirsutism, and insulin sensitizers show promise, especially for those with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Ketoconazole cream is effective for skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and may help with hair loss and other skin issues, with generally mild side effects.

High androgen levels and genetic factors likely cause Becker's nevus and related symptoms.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.

A 12-year-old girl with very high testosterone and insulin resistance improved with birth control pills, suggesting PCOS can cause high testosterone without tumors.

Both finasteride and drospirenone treatments improved symptoms and increased pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metformin and clomiphene citrate together improve pregnancy chances and reduce miscarriages in women with PCOS.

Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by genetic factors and hormones, with different mechanisms in men and women, and can be linked to insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy in South Korea aligns with international guidelines and has specific side effects.

Most patients improved with oral contraceptives, but some needed additional treatment.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

A gene called HDAC9 might be a new factor in male-pattern baldness.

Higher levels of a specific hormone are linked to more chest hair and acne in men.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.