33 citations
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September 1987 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics” Uncombable hair is inherited dominantly with complete penetrance.
15 citations
,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
2 citations
,
March 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” The placebo microneedle stamp didn't penetrate skin and caused less pain, but blinding was only effective for those with low skin sensitivity.
Deleting Smad4 and PTEN genes in mice causes rapid, invasive stomach cancer.
3 citations
,
January 2011 in “International Journal of Trichology” Tinea capitis affects only a specific hair area, not deeper parts.
34 citations
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August 2018 in “Cancer research” Fixing DNA errors is crucial to prevent skin cancer.
Ribonucleotide excision repair is crucial to prevent skin cancer.
Ribonucleotide excision repair is crucial to prevent skin cancer.
102 citations
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July 2007 in “Genes & Development” A mother's PPARγ is crucial for preventing harmful milk that can cause inflammation and growth problems in babies.
June 2010 in “Melanoma research” LDE225 is a promising skin-applied treatment for basal cell carcinoma with good skin penetration and effectiveness.
21 citations
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October 2014 in “Actas dermo-sifiliográficas/Actas dermo-sifiliográficas” Hair dyes can change hair color temporarily or permanently but may cause side effects like skin reactions and hair damage.
20 citations
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May 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Researchers found a new gene variant linked to a rare bone disease, which doesn't always cause symptoms in carriers.
47 citations
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June 2011 in “Movement Disorders” The LRRK2-G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease has a lifetime penetrance of 25-35%, and finasteride may help reduce symptoms in adult male Tourette syndrome patients.
162 citations
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August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The new "differential stripping" method effectively measures how much substance gets into hair follicles.
1540 citations
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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
36 citations
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March 2019 in “European Journal of Human Genetics” The research found genetic differences in identical twins that could explain why one twin has a disease while the other does not.
238 citations
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July 2003 in “British Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic skin disease, can be managed with antibiotics, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and careful planning are key, and laser treatment can be an efficient solution for mild to severe cases.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” PCOS is likely inherited in families, increasing risk for first-degree relatives.
39 citations
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May 2004 in “Clinics in Dermatology” The document concludes that treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma should be customized to each patient's disease stage, balancing benefits and side effects, with no cure but many patients living long lives.
54 citations
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October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
34 citations
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August 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ALA-PDT is effective and safe for chronic X-ray dermatitis, providing complete or partial remission.
16 citations
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August 2014 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrate human skin more deeply than bare silica nanoparticles.
March 2024 in “Bioimpacts” 400 nm particles penetrate hair follicles best, but mouse models aren't fully reliable for human studies.
264 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
1 citations
,
July 2019 in “Microscopy Today” Microfluorometry effectively measures how much polymer coats and penetrates hair, useful for evaluating hair products.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that a complete skin restoration biomaterial does not yet exist, and more clinical trials are needed to ensure these therapies are safe and effective.
March 1997 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” A new hair transplant method showed promising results and a study found how deep a CO₂ laser can penetrate skin.
112 citations
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October 2005 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Minoxidil and finasteride can slow hair loss and stimulate regrowth, but won't restore all lost hair or reverse complete baldness.
25 citations
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July 2019 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Researchers created better skin-application menthol capsules that are stable, safe, and penetrate the skin quickly.
110 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Phospholipid-coated nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better than others, especially in pig ears.