August 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Newer contraceptives with less androgenic progestins may reduce female hair loss.
74 citations
,
April 2002 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced acne effectively and had similar positive effects on skin oiliness and hair growth.
43 citations
,
July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
39 citations
,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
25 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Both types of oral contraceptives improved symptoms and hormone levels in women with PCOS.
25 citations
,
December 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Birth control pills combined with bicalutamide are more effective at reducing excessive hair growth in women with PCOS than birth control pills alone.
25 citations
,
September 1977 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of some contraceptive steroids cause health issues in dogs, but their relevance to humans is unclear.
23 citations
,
October 2015 in “Andrology” New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.
16 citations
,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
8 citations
,
May 2025 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Dienogest and combined oral contraceptives are equally effective for endometriosis, but COC may reduce painful intercourse more.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
3 citations
,
June 2024 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” COC treatment improves hormone and metabolic levels in PCOS patients.
3 citations
,
July 2022 in “BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Some birth control pills increase young women's risk of blood clots more than others.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
2 citations
,
January 2013 in “Iraqi journal of Medical Sciences”
January 2026 in “Journal of Sexual and Mental Health” New male contraceptive pills show promise in reducing sperm production with mild side effects.
April 2025 in “Pharmacy Practice” Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives may harm liver function.
January 2012 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” COCs can improve acne but may cause skin issues like cholasma; high estrogen is advised for hair loss concerns.
36 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
24 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.
1 citations
,
March 2017 in “European Journal of Cancer Prevention”
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
October 2021 in “Research Society and Development” Herbal medicines can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.
January 2017 in “Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research” Chemical fingerprints can distinguish Eclipta prostrata from Wedelia calendulacea to prevent confusion and adulteration.
78 citations
,
January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
61 citations
,
January 1970 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” 50 citations
,
July 2001 in “PubMed” Men who go bald before 30 may have a higher risk of heart disease.
49 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.