578 citations
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April 1993 in “Cell” TGFα gene mutation in mice causes abnormal skin, wavy hair, curly whiskers, and sometimes eye inflammation.
425 citations
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August 2002 in “BioEssays” The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.
375 citations
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June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
162 citations
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December 2008 in “Stem Cells” Hair follicle stem cells can become corneal-like cells, potentially helping restore vision.
161 citations
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June 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Trichohyalin helps in hair and skin cell structure and function by binding calcium and linking proteins.
135 citations
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October 2010 in “Stem Cells” Hair follicle stem cells can help treat eye surface issues by becoming corneal cells.
130 citations
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February 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Corneal cells can transform into skin and hair cells through specific signals.
87 citations
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July 2009 in “Journal of Cell Science” Deleting the CDSN gene causes severe skin and hair problems, leading to death.
86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
83 citations
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May 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Corneodesmosin is crucial for skin and hair health, and its dysfunction can cause skin and hair disorders.
83 citations
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February 1991 in “Development” Fos protein is crucial for cell transition to cornification in keratinized tissues.
73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
73 citations
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April 2013 in “Stem cells” LGR5 helps maintain corneal cell characteristics and prevents unwanted changes by controlling specific cell signaling pathways.
72 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
66 citations
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October 2002 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A gene mutation in mice causes skin defects and early death.
64 citations
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April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
55 citations
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January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Corneal cells can transform into hair-producing skin cells when exposed to certain signals.
45 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.
44 citations
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March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
44 citations
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September 2016 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Neural crest-derived progenitor cells in the cornea could help treat corneal issues without transplants.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
25 citations
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August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
25 citations
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October 2007 in “Developmental biology” Clim proteins are essential for maintaining healthy corneas and hair follicles.
20 citations
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January 2017 in “Nutrition Research and Practice” Corn silk extract helps reduce prostate enlargement symptoms.
20 citations
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April 2009 in “Cell Biology International” Hair follicle stem cells can become corneal-like cells with the help of pax6.
16 citations
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June 2015 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme DHHC13 is essential for healthy hair and skin, and its deficiency leads to hair loss and skin problems.
15 citations
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August 2020 in “American Journal of Pathology” Insulin helps heal corneal wounds and nerves in diabetic mice by activating the Wnt signaling pathway.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
14 citations
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April 2017 in “Scientific Reports” Using a perfusion system and 3D spheroid culture improves the growth of corneal cell layers for tissue engineering.
13 citations
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July 1973 in “Archives of dermatology” Tight cornrow braids may cause hair loss.