204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
21 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” 29 citations
,
May 2013 in “Andrologia” Cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual individuals helps understand how sex hormones affect diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
7 citations
,
May 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience hair loss, with transmen on testosterone seeing more severe hair loss, while feminizing hormones may stabilize hair loss in transwomen.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for effectively managing hair loss linked to endocrine and gynecological disorders.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
May 2025 in “Oxford Academix (Oxford)” Dermatology trainees lack standardized guidelines and education for treating testosterone-induced skin conditions in transmasculine individuals.
March 2025 in “Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan” Many LGBTQ individuals in Lahore face skin issues, with androgenic alopecia, dry skin, and scabies being common, highlighting the need for better healthcare access and provider training.
August 2018 in “Current opinion in gynecology and obstetrics” Gynecologists should learn about transgender care to provide the best service.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.
19 citations
,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
13 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of Womens Health” Combination therapy with oral contraceptives and spironolactone improves hair growth, menstrual issues, and acne in women with PCOS.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Adults with gender dysphoria on hormone treatment often have skin problems like acne, which are common but not always recognized.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
15 citations
,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Transgender Health” Oocyte retrieval is possible for transgender men on testosterone therapy without affecting fertility outcomes.
6 citations
,
January 2012 in “Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology” Women with epilepsy on certain medications might gain weight and have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, but not more polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Lower DHT and higher testosterone levels increase brain activation but don't change behavior in heavy drinkers.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
146 citations
,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
138 citations
,
May 2000 in “Maturitas” Estrogen replacement can improve skin health in menopausal women but doesn't reverse sun damage or prevent hair loss.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.
32 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.
28 citations
,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.