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GlossaryCrystallography

scientific study of atomic arrangements in crystalline solids

Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. By using techniques like X-ray diffraction, scientists can determine the precise structure of crystals, which is crucial for understanding material properties and designing new drugs.

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Hyaluronic Acid Microneedles Enhance Transdermal Delivery of Minoxidil Derivatives with 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-5-One Unit for Effective Hair Regeneration: Insights from X-Ray Crystallography and Animal Models

research Hyaluronic acid microneedles enhance transdermal delivery of minoxidil derivatives with 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-one unit for effective hair regeneration: Insights from X-ray crystallography and animal models

October 2025 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Hyaluronic acid microneedles help deliver minoxidil derivatives effectively for hair regrowth.

research Hair keratin molecular dynamics studies

December 2016 in “RepositóriUM (Universidade do Minho)”

Simulations of hair keratin help improve disease treatment and cosmetic products.

research Crystal Structure of 17-.BETA.-Benzoyloxy-16-.BETA.-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione.

February 1999 in “Analytical Sciences”

A new antiandrogen compound was made and its detailed three-dimensional shape was described.

research Study the Structure and Dynamics of Antifungal Agent Ketoconazole by CSA and Site-Specific Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Measurements

March 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Ketoconazole's structure and dynamics are linked, aiding antifungal drug development.

research Structural characterization of polymorphs and molecular complexes of finasteride

17 citations , January 1999 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Finasteride's molecular and crystal structures help develop new drug formulations.

research Aromatic C-nitrosation of a bioactive molecule. Nitrosation of minoxidil

8 citations , January 2011 in “Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry”

Minoxidil reacts to nitrosation 7 times more than phenol, mainly due to its -NH₂ groups, leading to the creation of N-nitrosominoxidil.

Minoxidil/Salicylic Acid Hydrogel Formulated for Alopecia Treatment: Supramolecular Interactions Modulate Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities

research Minoxidil/salicylic acid hydrogel formulated for alopecia treatment: Supramolecular interactions modulate physicochemical properties and biological activities revealed by experimental and theoretical studies

February 2024 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

The new minoxidil and salicylic acid hydrogel improves alopecia treatment.

Structural and Functional Studies of L-PGDS and SMPDL3A Enzymes in Lipid Signaling Family

research Structural & functional studies of L-PGDS and SMPDL3A enzymes in lipid signaling family

October 2019

L-PGDS has specific binding sites for its functions and could help in drug delivery system design.

17α-Acetoxy-6-Bromo-16β-Methylpregna-4,6-Diene-3,20-Dione: A New Steroidal Derivative with High Antiandrogenic Activity

research 17α-Acetoxy-6-bromo-16β-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione

December 1998 in “Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications”

A new compound with strong antiandrogenic effects was found, potentially useful for treating conditions like acne and prostate cancer.

research Regulation of Receptor Binding Specificity of FGF9 by an Autoinhibitory Homodimerization

24 citations , July 2017 in “Structure”

FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.

research Structural and dynamic insights into substrate binding and catalysis of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase

20 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

The research explains how a human enzyme binds and processes its substrate, which could relate to its role in biological functions and hair loss.

research Crystal Structure and Synthesis of 17α-Acetoxy-4-bromopregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

August 2002 in “Analytical Sciences”

The document concludes that a compound with potential for treating prostate cancer and hair loss was successfully made and its detailed structure was confirmed.

research Crystal Structure of Minoxidil

5 citations , January 2004 in “Analytical Sciences X-ray Structure Analysis Online”

Minoxidil's crystal structure shows two different molecule shapes and nitrogen states.

research Hair keratin molecular dynamics models

March 2016 in “RepositóriUM (Universidade do Minho)”

Molecular dynamics simulations help understand keratin's properties and predict hair's response to treatments.

research Further errors in polymorph identification: furosemide and finasteride

19 citations , July 2006 in “Acta crystallographica”

Errors found in identifying furosemide and finasteride polymorphs due to incomplete data.

research Structures of three polycystic kidney disease-like domains fromClostridium histolyticumcollagenases ColG and ColH

18 citations , February 2015 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology”

The study concludes that certain domains in Clostridium histolyticum enzymes are structurally unique, bind calcium to become more stable, and play distinct roles in breaking down collagen, with potential applications in medicine and drug delivery.

High-Resolution Structures of Mutants Affecting Access to the Ligand-Binding Cavity of Human Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase

research High-resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

5 citations , July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography”

Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.

$Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Dinuclear Platinum(III) Complex, [Pt2Cl4(NH3)2{μ-HN=C(O)Bu^t}2]$

research Synthesis and structural characterization of a new dinuclear platinum(III) complex, [Pt₂Cl₄(NH₃)₂{μ-HN=C(O)Bu^t}₂]

2 citations , November 2022 in “Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials./Acta crystallographica. Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials”

A new platinum complex was made and studied, which might help fight cancer better.

Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of the Human Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain with a Coactivator-Like Peptide and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators

research Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain with a coactivator-like peptide and selective androgen receptor modulators

1 citations , November 2008 in “Acta crystallographica”

Scientists successfully created and analyzed the structure of a part of the human androgen receptor with specific modulators and a peptide to understand how it binds differently in various tissues.

Evaluation of Polymorphism Influence in Finasteride

research Evaluation of Polymorphism Influence in the Finasteride

August 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica”

Different forms of finasteride dissolve and remain stable differently, affecting capsule quality.

research Crystal Structure of 3-Oxo-4-Aza-5-Alpha-Androstone-17 β-Tert-Butyl Carboxamide with an O···H–(C, N) Acceptor Four-Center Hydrogen Bond

2 citations , December 2008 in “Journal of Chemical Crystallography”

The research shows that hydrogen bonds greatly affect the crystal structure of a Finasteride derivative.

research Water distribution in human hair microstructure elucidated by spin contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering

1 citations , June 2023 in “Journal of applied crystallography”

The technique showed that human hair has two main parts, with 68% being rigid and the rest flexible, and water swelling affects its structure.

research Crystal Structure and Synthesis of 17α-Acetoxy-pregn-4,6-diene-3,20-dione

June 2010 in “Journal of Chemical Crystallography”

The compound was successfully made and shows potential for treating prostate cancer.

research CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HSIANGHUALITE

8 citations , January 1991 in “Soviet physics. Doklady”

research Structural Study of Polymorphs and Solvates of Finasteride

61 citations , April 2007 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Different forms of hair loss drug can improve effectiveness.

$Limits of Visual Detection for Finasteride Polymorphs in Prepared Binary Mixtures: Analysis by X-ray Powder Diffraction$

research Limits of Visual Detection for Finasteride Polymorphs in Prepared Binary Mixtures: Analysis by X‐ray Powder Diffraction

5 citations , September 2014 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

research Attempted construction of minoxidil: carboxylic acid cocrystals; 7 salts and 1 cocrystal resulted

66 citations , February 2010 in “CrystEngComm”

Made 8 minoxidil samples; 1 cocrystal, 7 salts formed.

research Chapter 17. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)

18 citations , January 2001 in “Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry”

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.

research Investigation of intermolecular interactions in finasteride drug crystals in view of X-ray and Hirshfeld surface analysis

16 citations , July 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Structure”

Finasteride crystals are held together by hydrogen bonds and weak interactions, forming synthon pseudopolymorphs.

research Direct access to novel chromeno-pyrimidine-N-oxides via tandem base catalyzed double nucleophilic addition/dehydration reaction

7 citations , March 2013 in “Tetrahedron Letters”

New method makes important drug ingredients more easily without needing extra purification steps.