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The April 2016 JEADV issue covered various dermatology topics, including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, mTOR inhibitors, autoimmune diseases, photodynamic therapy, viral DNA in skin diseases, chronic hand eczema, and female hair loss.

Cancer rates are increasing in developed countries, with estrogen, aging, low vitamin D3, and HPV infection as common causes.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.

The 308-nm excimer laser is a promising treatment for vitiligo with varying success and mild side effects.

Some skin conditions may indicate metabolic syndrome, which could help with early detection and management of related health issues.

Finasteride increases hair density in female androgenetic alopecia, but individual results may vary.

Premature hair graying in young men is linked to family history, obesity, and smoking.

Basal cell carcinomas have much higher levels of Vitamin D3 receptors compared to healthy skin.

Some drugs can cause hair loss, excessive growth, or color changes, often reversible but sometimes permanent.

Hair microRNAs could be effective biomarkers for diagnosing scleroderma.

SCF and ET-1 together significantly increase skin pigmentation and melanin production.

CD10 and CD34 levels change during hair development and different hair growth stages, which could be important for hair regeneration treatments.

ATP increases melanin production in skin after UV exposure, with the P2X7 receptor being crucial for this process.

Most skin diseases in Hajjah, Yemen, were dermatitis, infections, and acne, influenced by local socioeconomic and environmental factors.

The photolyase-based device significantly changed the size and heat of potential skin cancer areas in patients.

Hormone imbalances can cause skin diseases, and understanding these links is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Zinc helps manage skin disorders and deficiencies can worsen some conditions.

HIV can cause skin disorders, which are often the first sign of infection, especially in people with darker skin.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

Melatonin receptors, found in many body parts, can help treat various diseases like depression and diabetes due to their effects on inflammation, tumor progression, sleep disorders, and body mass regulation.

Cytokines are important for immune responses and treating diseases, but they can cause side effects like fever and skin issues.

Cancer treatments can cause skin-related side effects that may affect patient quality of life and require changes in treatment.

Skin aging reflects overall body aging and can indicate internal health conditions.

Skin diseases are common and can significantly affect people's lives; better outcome measures and ethical clinical trials are needed to improve dermatology care.

Two-photon microscopy improves skin imaging but faces safety and cost challenges for clinical use.

A runner developed tangled armpit hairs from shirt friction, preventable by shaving or wearing smooth shirts.

Cell death shapes skin stem cell environments, affecting inflammation, repair, and cancer.

The document is a detailed medical reference on skin and genetic disorders.