94 citations
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May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
12 citations
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July 2020 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Iron oxide nanoparticles improve skin penetration and drug release for hair loss treatment.
3 citations
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September 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Methyl caprate greatly increases drug absorption through the skin and is better than other enhancers.
211 citations
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June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
137 citations
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May 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil increases blood flow in balding scalps, possibly reversing hair loss.
122 citations
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
94 citations
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January 2007 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology” Iranian veterans exposed to sulfur mustard suffer from long-term skin itching and eye damage, with some risk of skin cancer and ongoing management challenges.
67 citations
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
41 citations
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November 1987 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Ketoconazole cured about 70% of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases caused by Leishmania major.
35 citations
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January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
34 citations
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October 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Nobiletin-loaded vesicles effectively treat skin cancer by restoring normal miRNA and antioxidant levels.
29 citations
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September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
19 citations
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December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
17 citations
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April 2017 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Monoolein-alginate beads help heal wounds by controlling moisture and effectively delivering adenosine to the skin.
15 citations
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
11 citations
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October 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” A new drug delivery system using oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 improves wound healing and hair growth in mice.
9 citations
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February 2011 in “Biologics: Targets & Therapy” Topical calcineurin inhibitors, especially 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, are effective and well-tolerated for treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus but require more research for standard treatment guidelines.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
5 citations
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January 2018 in “PubMed” Biodegradable microneedle patches help topical steroids work better for prurigo nodularis.
3 citations
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December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
2 citations
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June 2025 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” New biomaterials can improve wound healing by promoting nerve and tissue regeneration.
Folate salts penetrate skin well and improve wound healing, suggesting potential for skin treatments.
1 citations
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July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Targeting specific cell interactions may help treat skin fibrosis.
April 2024 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” Blue light might help treat skin conditions by affecting the skin's bacteria.
48 citations
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July 2019 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” A new hydrogel with stem cells from human umbilical cords improves skin wound healing and reduces inflammation.
48 citations
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May 2015 in “NPJ microgravity” A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.
20 citations
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June 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” Using stem cells from fat tissue can significantly improve wound healing in dogs.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Regulatory T cells help heal skin wounds by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mouse skin glands need healthy nerves to grow properly during hair growth phases.