11 citations
,
January 1981 in “Cells Tissues Organs” Human hair cuticle has five cell layers with specific junctions and granules.
January 2025 in “Journal of Raman Spectroscopy” Polarized Raman spectra can reveal changes in hair keratin's protein structures.
10 citations
,
November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
6 citations
,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
27 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
42 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
21 citations
,
April 1982 in “Genetics Research” Mice with the naked gene have missing or abnormal hair cells.
19 citations
,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
13 citations
,
June 2011 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Human hair absorbs calcium and magnesium from tap water, affecting its structure and styling properties.
10 citations
,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
February 2026 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” Silicone oil viscosity affects hair curling and damage during treatments.
9 citations
,
July 2014 in “Skin research and technology” Stretching damages Caucasian hair's structure more easily than Asian hair.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
51 citations
,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
11 citations
,
January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
8 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.
7 citations
,
August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Chemical hair straightening improves smoothness and shine but may cause side effects, suggesting a need for safer methods.
5 citations
,
December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
3 citations
,
March 2009 in “Hirosaki University Repository for Academic Resources (Hirosaki University)” Hirosaki hairless rats have sparse, twisted hair due to missing hair keratin genes.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of structural biology” Older thin hair is not just thinner but also has different shape, structure, and stiffness.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
Understanding hair surface properties is key for effective hair care products.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Ozonated water damages hair structure and proteins.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hair dyeing changes hair structure, but new technologies help protect hair while coloring.
August 2025 in “Applied Sciences” Peroxide-rich plasma-activated water is gentler on hair than nitrate-rich formulations.