June 2023 in “Experimental dermatology” Pubic hair has a thicker, more protective outer layer than scalp hair, possibly due to evolution.
25 citations
,
October 1962 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research” The hair follicle structure is more complex than thought, with new findings on protein formation.
28 citations
,
September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
10 citations
,
May 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.
20 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
11 citations
,
January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
22 citations
,
November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
6 citations
,
October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
11 citations
,
January 2005 in “Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research” Hairless USP mice have enlarged skin cysts as they age.
9 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” People with pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus often have smaller sebaceous glands on their scalp.
26 citations
,
August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
8 citations
,
May 2005 in “The American journal of dermatopathology/American journal of dermatopathology” The hair defect is due to abnormal inner root sheath keratinization.
35 citations
,
September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 24 citations
,
March 2008 in “Neuroscience Research” Cat paws have complex touch sensors for detailed sensory processing.
8 citations
,
September 1981 in “Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A” Biotin deficiency in pigs causes hair loss, skin issues, and weak claws.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
May 2020 in “JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics” A rare skin condition usually on the face was found on a man's heel.
44 citations
,
August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
December 2025 in “Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases” Hair follicles are thinner in alopecia patients, especially in alopecia areata.
9 citations
,
July 2018 in “Acta biomaterialia” Eyelash curvature is linked to the thickness of the cuticle layer at the root.
2 citations
,
January 2007 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Two cases of hairy elbows syndrome were described, with normal skin texture and symmetrical hair growth.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
Hair follicle stem cells are crucial for touch sensation and proper nerve structure in mice.
15 citations
,
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The cell membrane complex in mammalian hair has three distinct types with different structures and chemical properties.