36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
41 citations
,
March 2007 in “Journal of dermatological science” Taking L-cystine and vitamin B6 can prevent hair loss caused by smoke in mice.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
11 citations
,
June 2012 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” L-cystine and vitamin B6 at high doses prevented hair loss in mice treated with a chemotherapy drug.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” The hair-growth formula with L-cystine helps protect and grow hair cells.
4 citations
,
December 2013 in “Acupuncture and related therapies” N-acetyl-cysteine shows promise in treating various diseases and may improve skin and hair conditions, but more research is needed on dosages and long-term effects.
75 citations
,
March 2018 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” L-Cysteine may have health benefits, but its effectiveness is still debated due to limited clinical trial data.
12 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer ed.” Human hair protein extracts can protect skin cells from oxidative stress.
26 citations
,
September 1990 in “Ophthalmology” The study found no common cause for a girl's crystalline cataract and uncombable hair, suggesting their co-occurrence might be coincidental.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
13 citations
,
January 2010 in “Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology” Understanding hair biology is key to developing better treatments for hair and scalp issues.
9 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of X-ray science and technology” Perming and bleaching damage hair differently, with bleached hair having more cysteic acid in the cuticle.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
July 2026 in “Advanced Science” A new adhesive coating from scallop protein boosts hair growth better than minoxidil.
47 citations
,
January 2017 in “RSC Advances” Keratin peptides can change hair shape gently without harsh chemicals.
48 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
21 citations
,
December 2011 in “Chungara” Mummy hair's chemical composition may not accurately show ancient people's health due to environmental contamination.
7 citations
,
January 2010 in “Animal” Angora goat hair grows faster and produces more protein than cashmere goat hair, and certain hormones and nutrients positively affect hair growth and protein synthesis.
1 citations
,
January 2019 in “Turk Dermatoloji Dergisi” Oxidative stress is likely important in causing telogen effluvium, and antioxidants might help treat it.
14 citations
,
November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.
191 citations
,
November 1959 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
38 citations
,
October 2011 in “Analytical biochemistry” Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.
16 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” 2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that cosmetics need biocompatible, eco-friendly ingredients due to aging populations and demand for effective products.
4 citations
,
December 2018 in “Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering” A new method accurately measures amino acids in treated hair, showing bleaching reduces amino acids while protein treatments increase them.
13 citations
,
March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” DTDG in hair treatments reduces damage and preserves hair structure.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
13 citations
,
July 2017 in “Biopolymers” Recombinant keratins can form useful structures for medical applications, overcoming natural keratin limitations.