March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
January 2007 in “Revista del Centro Dermatológico Pascua” A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with a rare genetic condition causing fragile hair, intellectual issues, and short stature.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
January 1991 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” Hair treatments can damage hair by changing its chemical content.
January 2014 in “한국미용학회지” UV-A radiation significantly damages semi-permanent dyed hair.
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Mercaptans make hair more prone to damage, with reduced hair being more affected than permed hair.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Small KP peptide improves hair without reducing agents, while larger proteins need them for better results.
March 2025 in “The Open Dermatology Journal” Trichorrhexis nodosa is common hair breakage, often due to styling, and new treatments are being explored.
January 2014 in “Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine” ChuZhiShengFaPian and Licorzine Granules effectively treat early male hair loss.
226 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.
76 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of Cell Science” Different keratin types have unique amino acid patterns that are evolutionarily conserved.
73 citations
,
June 2006 in “Animal genetics” The FGF5 gene determines hair length in dogs.
71 citations
,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
62 citations
,
January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.
51 citations
,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
48 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
38 citations
,
October 2011 in “Analytical biochemistry” Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.
34 citations
,
September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” The outer layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur proteins, making it resistant to damage.
31 citations
,
February 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.
31 citations
,
January 2004 in “Methods in cell biology” Hair and follicle keratins differ in structure and expression, especially in cysteine content.
30 citations
,
March 2019 in “Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht” The KRTAP15-1 gene affects cashmere fiber thickness in goats.
28 citations
,
August 1992 in “Differentiation” A new pair of mouse keratins, 65 kD and 48 kD, are found in specific skin areas and are linked to a unique skin differentiation type.
27 citations
,
June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.
27 citations
,
April 2004 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Two new gene clusters important for hair formation were found on human chromosome 11.
26 citations
,
January 2011 in “Open Journal of Genetics” The KAP13-3 gene in sheep affects wool quality by influencing keratin assembly.
26 citations
,
December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
25 citations
,
September 2014 in “SpringerPlus” Sheep have a unique gene, KAP8-2, that humans don't have, which may affect wool properties.
22 citations
,
November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
22 citations
,
November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.