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GlossaryCytokine Production

process where cells create signaling proteins for immune responses

Cytokine production refers to the process by which cells, particularly immune cells, produce and release cytokines. Cytokines are small proteins that act as signaling molecules, helping to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and cell communication. This process is crucial for coordinating the body's defense mechanisms against infections and diseases, including conditions like alopecia, where immune system dysregulation can affect hair follicles.

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research Activation of TRPV3 Inhibits Lipogenesis and Stimulates Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Sebocytes—A Putative Contributor to Dry Skin Dermatoses

26 citations , August 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Activating TRPV3 reduces skin oil production and increases inflammation, potentially causing dry skin issues.

research Epidermal Growth Factor Upregulates Production of Supernumerary Hair Cells in Neonatal Rat Organ of Corti Explants

33 citations , January 2000 in “Acta Oto-Laryngologica”

Epidermal growth factor increases extra hair cells in newborn rat ears.

research Human Follicular Papilla Cells Carry Out Nonadipose Tissue Production of Leptin

37 citations , December 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Leptin may play a role in hair growth and hair follicle health.

research Obesity and the skin

128 citations , September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Obesity is linked to various skin problems and may increase the risk of skin cancer.

Melanogenesis Is Coupled to Murine Anagen: New Concepts for the Role of Melanocytes and Regulation of Melanogenesis in Hair Growth

research Melanogenesis Is Coupled to Murine Anagen: Toward New Concepts for the Role of Melanocytes and the Regulation of Melanogenesis in Hair Growth.

109 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair color production is closely linked to the active growth phase of hair in mice and may also influence hair growth itself.

research Mechanism of Sleep Disturbance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and the Role of the Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin

63 citations , March 2016 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Children with atopic dermatitis often have sleep problems due to itching and may benefit from melatonin, which helps with sleep and skin symptoms.

research Hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients following Stem Cell Educator therapy

55 citations , April 2015 in “BMC medicine”

Stem Cell Educator therapy helps regrow hair and improve life quality in alopecia areata patients.

research Exploring the Drug Repurposing Versatility of Valproic Acid as a Multifunctional Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells

47 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of immunology research”

Valproic Acid could potentially be used to treat immune-related conditions due to its ability to modify immune cell functions.

research Review of Scalp Alopecia due to a Clinically Unapparent or Minimally Apparent Neoplasm (SACUMAN)

32 citations , January 2006 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

SACUMAN, a rare condition causing hair loss without clear signs, is often misdiagnosed and needs scalp biopsies for accurate detection.

research The Epidermal Vitamin D System and Innate Immunity: Some More Light Shed on This Unique Photoendocrine System?

14 citations , January 2008 in “Dermatology”

Vitamin D made by the skin plays a role in immune defense and skin health, and more research is needed to understand its full effects.

research Mechanisms of magnesium oxide‐incorporated electrospun membrane modulating inflammation and accelerating wound healing

4 citations , October 2022 in “Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A”

Magnesium oxide-infused membranes help heal wounds faster by reducing inflammation and promoting skin and hair follicle growth.

research Cepharanthine: A review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19

4 citations , May 2020

Cepharanthine could be a strong antiviral against COVID-19.

research Radiofrequency Currents Modulate Inflammatory Processes in Keratinocytes

3 citations , October 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

CRET therapy affects inflammation in skin cells by changing cytokine levels and activating certain proteins.

research Wounds and the Microbiota: The Healing Interplay Between Host and Microbial Communities

2 citations , November 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Balancing good and harmful microbes is key to healing chronic wounds.

research Efficacy of 0.1% adapalene in a non-inflammatory Kyoto Rhino Rat acne model

2 citations , August 2014 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Adapalene 0.1% effectively reduces acne by decreasing comedones and altering skin properties.

research Pinkie, the First Viable Germline Hypomorph Allele of Retinoid X Receptor Alpha, Reveals an Important Role for RXRa in Th2 Development.

2 citations , November 2004 in “Blood”

RXRa is crucial for Th2 immune cell development and may link nutrition to immune health.

research Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases

1 citations , November 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Cannabinoids might help treat skin problems but more research is needed to be sure.

research Nitric Oxide Signal Transduction and Its Role in Skin Sensitization

1 citations , June 2023 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics”

Nitric oxide is important for skin functions and both helps protect against and contributes to skin inflammation and sensitization.

research Alopecia Areata: An Overview of the Disease and its Genetic Basis: Review Article

1 citations , June 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine”

Understanding the genetics of alopecia areata could lead to better treatments.

research Blue Light Therapy in Dermatological Practice: A Review

February 2025 in “Cosmetics”

Blue light therapy is promising for skin and hair conditions but needs more research for widespread use.

Effect of Diode Pumping Solid State Laser with Wavelength 589 nm on Gene Expression of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-Gamma in Human T-Lymphocytes

research Effect of diode pumping solid state laser with wavelength 589 nm on gene expression of interlukine-2 and interferon-gamma Lowercase in human T-lymphocytes

September 2024 in “Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association”

A 589 nm laser increases IL-2 and IFN-y gene expression in human T-cells.

research Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection

February 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells help maintain skin health and balance, and are involved in skin diseases and healing.

research Chemical Synthetic Disease Modifying Drugs (csDMARD) Used forRheumatoid Arthritis

November 2023 in “Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine.”

Methotrexate is effective for rheumatoid arthritis but can cause side effects.

research Development of a novel in vitro strategy to understand the impact of shaving on skin health: combining tape strip exfoliation and human skin equivalent technology

November 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

The method effectively mimics shaving damage on skin for testing skincare products.

research Topical metformin as a novel therapy for alopecia areata due to its immunologic effects

August 2023 in “Medical Hypotheses”

Metformin, usually used for diabetes, can also help treat hair loss from alopecia areata due to its ability to reduce inflammation and stimulate new hair growth.