147 citations
,
November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.
119 citations
,
January 2012 in “Nutrition & Metabolism” Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.
70 citations
,
February 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.
54 citations
,
August 2019 in “Bioscience trends” Stem cells help repair tissue mainly by releasing beneficial substances, not by replacing damaged cells.
27 citations
,
July 2017 in “Scientific Reports” N-WASP is essential for healthy skin and preventing inflammation.
26 citations
,
June 2018 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” AIRE-deficient rats developed severe autoimmune disease similar to APECED, useful for testing treatments.
23 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” IL-1 family cytokines are crucial for skin defense and healing, but their imbalance can cause skin diseases.
16 citations
,
October 2020 in “Lipids in Health and Disease” Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.
16 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Mice without the IL-6 gene had more hair growth after injury due to higher activity of a related protein, Stat3.
10 citations
,
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Lower growth factors linked to balding in androgenetic alopecia.
8 citations
,
May 2018 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Activating the Nrf2 pathway reduces inflammation and cell activation in human hair follicles, suggesting a potential treatment for certain hair loss conditions.
6 citations
,
August 2013 in “Joint Bone Spine” Tocilizumab treatment was associated with significant hair regrowth in one patient and temporary hair loss followed by regrowth in another.
5 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Keratinocyte cytokines and genetic variations influence the development of moles and skin pigmentation.
3 citations
,
August 2025 in “Advanced Therapeutics” Engineered cytokines show promise for improving tissue healing and safety in regenerative medicine.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “Biomolecules” Certain immune-related proteins are higher in people with alopecia and their healthy relatives, hinting at a genetic link.
1 citations
,
June 2023 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” Nitric oxide is important for skin functions and both helps protect against and contributes to skin inflammation and sensitization.
JAK inhibitors effectively regrow hair in alopecia areata but hair loss often returns after stopping treatment.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in immunology” Histone modification is key in treating chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are increased in alopecia areata, with Th2 response more strongly linked to how severe the disease is.
55 citations
,
December 2014 in “Dermatologica sinica/Zhōnghuá pífūkē yīxué zázhì” Keratinocytes control how melanocytes work.
6 citations
,
August 2014 in “Dermatologic Surgery” PRP injections may improve hair loss condition, but more research needed.
February 2026 in “MedScien” Mesenchymal stem cells can help delay skin aging and improve wound healing.
August 2025 in “Archiv Euromedica” Gut microbiota changes might play a role in alopecia areata, and microbiome-targeted treatments show promise.
June 2025 in “Journal of Applied Toxicology” Finasteride may protect diabetic rats from oxidative stress and inflammation.
7 citations
,
January 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” NIPP1 is important for healthy skin and could help treat skin inflammation.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Review” Vitamin D might help treat alopecia areata.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Eating grape powder may reduce the severity of skin allergy symptoms.
89 citations
,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.
August 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science” Different substances affect hair and skin cell growth in various ways.
13 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of lasers in medical sciences” CO2 laser treatment for aging skin significantly changes immune system-related genes.