January 2022 in “Current Enzyme Inhibition” New nonsteroidal molecules can potentially increase dihydrotestosterone in neurons by blocking certain enzymes, without affecting prostate and seminal vesicle weight.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Dexamethasone increases androgen receptor activity in scalp cells, which might explain stress-related hair loss.
43 citations
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April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
13 citations
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February 2016 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Mice without active or present vitamin D receptors maintain normal blood sugar control and islet gene expression when calcium levels are normal.
11 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
10 citations
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February 2008 in “Photochemistry and photobiology” Vitamin D receptor can control the hairless gene linked to hair loss even without vitamin D.
22 citations
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January 2010 in “Humana Press eBooks” The vitamin D receptor can affect gene activity even without its usual hormone in hair and skin.
4 citations
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May 2022 in “Genes & Diseases”
December 2025 in “Molecules” DPP may help hair regrowth by improving blood vessel function under stress.
June 2026 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 25 citations
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November 2005 in “PubMed” Finasteride changes androgen receptor location in rat epididymis without altering tissue structure.
219 citations
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January 2006 in “Drug Metabolism Reviews” DHEA affects multiple receptors and may help with metabolic issues, but its safety and effectiveness in humans are unclear.
October 2017 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” DA-9401 can protect against finasteride-induced reproductive damage in rats.
95 citations
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July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Vitamin D receptors in hair follicles change with the hair cycle, affecting hair growth.
11 citations
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November 1991 in “Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology” Brindled mice show abnormal catecholamine neuron development due to copper deficiency.
28 citations
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January 2009 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” DHT deficiency increases iNOS expression in rat testis and epididymis.
35 citations
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April 2012 in “Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology” Finasteride reduces gambling symptoms in Parkinson's patients.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” DPP4-positive fibroblasts play a major role in producing proteins that lead to skin fibrosis.
18 citations
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February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.
98 citations
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July 2006 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” 164 citations
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December 1984 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” TCDD reduces EGF receptor activity and causes various developmental changes in animals.
171 citations
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July 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.
67 citations
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August 2004 in “Endocrinology” A specific gene mutation causes vitamin D resistance, but certain vitamin D analogs might help.
27 citations
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February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
April 2025 in “Molecular Biology Reports” DNMT1 may help treat hypospadias by improving cell function and preventing unwanted cell changes.
14 citations
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April 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Stressed fibroblasts greatly increase melanin production in hair, skin, and eye cells, mainly due to a growth factor called bFGF.
86 citations
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February 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Pregnancy increases certain GABAA receptors in rat brains, influenced by steroid levels.
16 citations
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February 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Dihydrotestosterone specifically binds to hamster sebaceous glands, with a higher affinity than testosterone.
12 citations
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June 2013 in “The Prostate” Dutasteride and finasteride affect different cell types differently.
48 citations
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January 2011 in “Neuropharmacology” Isolation stress in rats reduces brain enzyme levels, affecting dopamine function.