71 citations
,
November 2009 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” PCOS in teens is hard to diagnose, linked to genetics and lifestyle, and managed with weight loss and medication.
61 citations
,
April 2014 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Finasteride affects brain and blood steroids, causing lasting sexual and emotional side effects.
59 citations
,
November 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Lower levels of certain brain chemicals are linked to worse PTSD symptoms in men.
57 citations
,
February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
46 citations
,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.
40 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.
39 citations
,
April 2007 in “Therapeutic Drug Monitoring” Finasteride affects urinary steroid profiles and can potentially hide steroid abuse in sports drug testing.
38 citations
,
June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.
17 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” AKR1D1 controls glucocorticoid levels and receptor activity in liver cells.
10 citations
,
January 2014 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” PCOS is a long-term condition that needs more research for better understanding and treatment.
7 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is changed into different substances by certain enzymes and may play a role in prostate cancer.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of experimental and clinical medicine” PCOS is linked to diabetes and insulin resistance, and managing AGEs may help treat related symptoms.
1 citations
,
May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
136 citations
,
February 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PRP treatment improves hair growth, and the device used can affect results, with some being more effective.
70 citations
,
February 2012 in “Human Reproduction” Many young women who donate blood have hormonal disorders like excess male hormones and PCOS.
56 citations
,
July 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin and rosiglitazone improve blood vessel function in women with PCOS, with metformin also reducing insulin resistance and testosterone levels.
35 citations
,
April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.
20 citations
,
October 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Lower lipin 1β in belly fat is linked to insulin resistance in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.
12 citations
,
January 2010 in “PubMed” No definitive link between finasteride and male breast cancer, but further research is needed.
8 citations
,
May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.
2 citations
,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cureus” ChatGPT-5 can pass the endocrinology exam but isn't fully reliable for clinical decisions yet.
April 2026 in “Communications Biology” The development of breeding tubercles in male zebrafish relies on a specific enzyme that processes hormones.
November 2025 in “Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)” Minoxidil and spironolactone can improve hair growth, but responses vary and side effects are common.
January 2023 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice” Hirsutism in teens is often due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and needs careful assessment and support.
Encapsulating hair loss drugs in cyclodextrins improves their solubility and reduces scalp irritation.
12 citations
,
May 1995 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss in women can be slowed with treatment, but more research needed for better solutions.
502 citations
,
February 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treat significant hirsutism with medication and hair removal; use birth control pills first, adding antiandrogens if needed.
18 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis” The method accurately measures hormones and endocannabinoids in mice, showing gut microbiota diversity affects these levels and may influence stress and reproductive systems.