17 citations
,
August 2019 in “JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery” Some men lost hair after deoxycholic acid treatment for neck fat, but most saw improvement or resolution.
258 citations
,
July 2005 in “Journal of lipid research” DGAT1 enzyme helps make diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters.
82 citations
,
January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” DHEA stimulates skin oil glands and could help postmenopausal women, with potential for acne and excessive hair growth treatments.
May 2026 in “BMC Medicine” ACOD1 deficiency worsens hair loss by causing cell aging and mitochondrial problems, but 4-OI may help.
25 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Deoxycholic acid is effective for reducing chin fat but can cause side effects and serious complications, so careful patient evaluation is needed.
1 citations
,
April 2007 in “The FASEB Journal” Lack of certain fatty acids causes skin, immune, and fertility issues in mice.
2 citations
,
October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
39 citations
,
August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
Ethanol changes GABAA receptor α4 subunit levels through phosphorylation and neuroactive steroids.
13 citations
,
January 1997 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” Human liver enzyme DHEA ST helps process minoxidil.
December 2015 in “PLOS ONE” 11 citations
,
January 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience” Chronic ethanol increases certain brain receptor levels, influenced by steroids and protein changes.
26 citations
,
March 2006 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders. Drug targets” This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.
15 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Stopping alcohol after long-term use causes anxiety and changes brain chemicals.
31 citations
,
December 2016 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” DHEA reduction may be linked to frontal fibrosing alopecia, but more research is needed.
March 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Deucravacitinib did not significantly improve hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Nicotinic acid reduces excessive oil production in skin cells by activating a specific receptor, which could help treat acne.
21 citations
,
December 2014 in “Clinics in dermatology” Squaric acid dibutylester effectively treats alopecia areata.
1 citations
,
June 2019 in “Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy” Squaric acid dibutylester can cause severe skin reactions in people with allergies.
66 citations
,
January 2008 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” AC-5216 reduces anxiety in mice through neurosteroids affecting GABAA receptors.
96 citations
,
March 2003 in “Life Sciences” Atopic dermatitis patients have much higher acetylcholine levels in their skin, which may cause itching.
16 citations
,
November 2018 in “The journal of pain/Journal of pain” 14,15-EET may help reduce poststroke pain by affecting certain brain proteins.
March 2014 in “Human Physiology” DHEA improved brain function and behavior in old monkeys and had additional health benefits.
7 citations
,
September 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Deoxycholic acid effectively reduces double chin fat with temporary side effects and high patient satisfaction.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
February 2025 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Deucravacitinib helped a man regrow hair and improve psoriasis.
128 citations
,
December 2006 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Altering SSAT affects fat metabolism and body fat in mice.
11 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinology” DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.
1 citations
,
December 2015 in “Parkinsonism & Related Disorders” The anti-hangover product may boost enzyme activity to help prevent brain damage.
6 citations
,
February 2016 in “British Journal of Dermatology” A woman with a drug allergy to anakinra was successfully desensitized, allowing her to continue treatment without allergic reactions.