January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
Topical corticosteroids are effective for skin conditions but can have side effects.
11 citations
,
April 1997 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using tretinoin with triamcinolone acetonide helps treat alopecia areata.
January 2007 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Intramuscular triamcinolone and pulse therapy with oral predonine are effective for alopecia areata with manageable side effects, but better relapse prevention is needed.
12 citations
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January 2008 in “Drugs” Some topical treatments like corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues are effective for scalp psoriasis, but more long-term data is needed.
October 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Clascoterone cream could be used for other skin conditions affected by hormones.
48 citations
,
November 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.
10 citations
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March 2008 in “Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine” A special clotrimazole varnish cured a siamang's persistent skin infection after 3 months.
59 citations
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January 2015 in “Nanoscale” The new micelle formulation delivers acne treatment more effectively and safely than current gels.
25 citations
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June 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” Corticosteroid injections for hair loss can cause skin thinning.
Use mild topical steroids to avoid side effects, especially in children.
October 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Topical metformin gel is as effective and safe as steroids for treating alopecia areata.
August 2019 in “Reactions Weekly” Daclizumab may cause psoriasis-like skin problems in multiple sclerosis patients.
15 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the Formosan Medical Association” Adalimumab helped control a child's severe eye disease when other treatments failed.
5 citations
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November 1979 in “Archives of dermatology” Tretinoin cream successfully treated a woman's skin condition called Fox-Fordyce disease.
9 citations
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November 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Combining cryotherapy with steroids reduces keloid size more effectively than steroids alone.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “JAAD Case Reports” The rash resolved after stopping ponatinib.
1 citations
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July 2015 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Imiquimod improved skin pigmentation in most patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and may prevent further skin cancer, but some treatments can have side effects.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Topical tofacitinib helped a man with severe scalp condition after other treatments failed.
September 2025 in “Tạp chí Da liễu học Việt Nam” 2.5 mg/mL TAC is as effective and safe as 5 mg/mL, but 5 mg/mL may improve hair regrowth and density more.
September 2025 in “Intisari Sains Medis” The combination therapy improved severe alopecia areata in a patient after 14 days.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
18 citations
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January 2020 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” High-potency steroids or tacrolimus are effective treatments for Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the Scalp.
2 citations
,
January 2019 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” A patient experienced permanent hair loss due to an allergic reaction to a corticosteroid injection.
146 citations
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July 2003 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Clobetasol propionate ointment can help some people with total hair loss regrow hair.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Deucravacitinib may help treat various immune diseases beyond psoriasis, but more research is needed.
9 citations
,
August 2002 in “Current Opinion in Pediatrics” An 18-year-old girl with pemphigus vulgaris needed strong medication and careful treatment due to ineffective initial therapies and side effects.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Topical imiquimod is as effective as 5-fluorouracil for treating actinic keratosis, with about a 5% risk of it turning into squamous cell carcinoma.
July 1996 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Putting calcipotriol ointment on the skin once doesn't change calcium levels in the body right away.
36 citations
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May 2011 in “Dermatologic therapy” No treatments fully cure or prevent alopecia areata; some help but have side effects or need more research.