180 citations
,
June 2004 in “Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics” Progesterone's seizure-reducing effects are mainly due to allopregnanolone, not progesterone receptors.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
4 citations
,
February 2009 in “Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey” Testosterone patches can modestly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy.
75 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
13 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of Womens Health” Combination therapy with oral contraceptives and spironolactone improves hair growth, menstrual issues, and acne in women with PCOS.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Both treatments reduced excessive hair growth in PCOS, but there was no difference in weight, hair score, hormone levels, or insulin resistance.
13 citations
,
January 1997 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” Human liver enzyme DHEA ST helps process minoxidil.
11 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinology” DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and support hair growth in women.
May 2024 in “News Digital Object Group” 11 citations
,
June 2005 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine hair follicle cells convert progesterone into various metabolites, mainly cortisol.
September 2024 in “Advanced medical journal” Spironolactone is effective and safe for treating acne in women, especially those over 25 with hormonal imbalances.
March 2026 in “Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets” Combined finasteride and spironolactone therapy significantly improves quality of life in women with PCOS.
11 citations
,
May 2000 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Taking a small dose of prednisone before menstruation can almost completely prevent premenstrual acne with few side effects.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
14 citations
,
November 2014 in “European journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers found new potential treatments for conditions related to the androgen receptor, like male hormonal contraception, by testing thousands of compounds.
20 citations
,
December 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Flutamide combined with a low-dose birth control pill effectively reduces excessive hair growth in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
5 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” Certain derivatives are more effective 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitors than finasteride.
86 citations
,
May 2013 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
August 2021 in “Pediomaternal Nursing Journal” Endocrine therapy helps with reproductive and metabolic issues in women with PCOS.
7 citations
,
August 1985 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections are more effective than topical ointment in treating excessive hair growth in women.
January 2007 in “The Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice” The process to make finasteride is simple, cheap, and gives a good amount.
43 citations
,
December 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Progesterone protects neurons from damage by converting to allopregnanolone, which works through GABAA receptors.
27 citations
,
July 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The antiandrogen 11α-hydroxyprogesterone effectively reduces skin oil and cholesterol when applied to the skin.
March 2026 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Topical Stemoxydine improves hair density in androgenetic alopecia with few side effects.
31 citations
,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
6 citations
,
July 2008 in “Clinical and experimental optometry” Prostaglandin eye drops for glaucoma can rarely cause too much cheek hair growth.
8 citations
,
February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology” Progesterone treatment improved seizures in a woman with menstrual cycle-related epilepsy, but a wrong medication worsened her condition.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.