49 citations
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September 1986 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa improves with antiandrogen therapy.
43 citations
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March 2009 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” TGF-β2 plays a key role in human hair growth and development.
4 citations
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June 2025 in “Medeniyet Medical Journal” TMPRSS2 is crucial for COVID-19 infection and is a potential target for treatment.
4 citations
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July 2020 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” A protein called ectodysplasin-A2 increases a hair growth inhibitor in balding cells, which could be a target for hair loss treatment.
June 2012 in “Nature digest” A substance called prostaglandin D2 is linked to stopping hair growth in men with common baldness.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common genetic condition affecting the scalp, caused by the conversion of testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-Alpha Reductase, leading to hair follicle shrinkage. Current FDA-approved treatments, finasteride and minoxidil, have limitations, prompting research into nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and transferosomes. These systems offer improved drug stability, targeted delivery, and sustained release while minimizing systemic exposure. Innovations such as antioxidant formulations and spironolactone-loaded nanoparticles aim to reduce oxidative stress and block androgen receptors. Although preclinical results are promising, challenges remain in clinical translation, including the need for reliable trials, funding, and regulatory approval. The review highlights the importance of clinical validation and scalable production to harness nanotechnology's potential for AGA treatment.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common genetic condition affecting the scalp, caused by the conversion of testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5-Alpha Reductase, leading to hair follicle shrinkage. Current FDA-approved treatments, finasteride and minoxidil, have limitations, prompting research into nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and transferosomes. These systems offer improved drug stability, targeted delivery, and sustained release while minimizing systemic exposure. Innovations such as antioxidant formulations and spironolactone-loaded nanoparticles aim to reduce oxidative stress and block androgen receptors. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, challenges remain in clinical translation, including the need for reliable trials, funding, and regulatory approval. The review highlights the importance of clinical validation and scalable production to harness nanotechnology's potential for AGA treatment.
136 citations
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January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
September 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” HA-stimulated stem cell vesicles improved hair growth in male mice with androgenetic alopecia.
2 citations
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January 2023 in “Uro” UHP-sCESr is as effective as HESr for treating BPH symptoms.
September 2025 in “Journal of King Saud University - Science” Lophocereus marginatus extracts may help treat melanoma and stimulate hair growth.
12 citations
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June 2013 in “The Prostate” Dutasteride and finasteride affect different cell types differently.
2 citations
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March 2017 in “Canadian Urological Association journal” Clomiphene citrate improves fertility in men taking finasteride for hair loss.
12 citations
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January 2005 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” AGA affects many, progresses differently, and early treatment is crucial.
8 citations
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March 2020 in “Metabolites” Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.
2 citations
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October 2010 in “European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics” Researchers developed a quick and sensitive way to measure finasteride in blood using a small sample size.
68 citations
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April 2002 in “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine” Natural 5AR inhibitors effectively improve mild to moderate hair loss in men.
66 citations
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June 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Finasteride and dutasteride effectively treat hair loss, but may cause side effects like sexual dysfunction and depression.
65 citations
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April 2002 in “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine” Plant extracts effectively reduce hair loss and increase growth, offering a safe alternative treatment.
60 citations
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September 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery” PRP treatment may stimulate hair growth by promoting blood vessel formation, increasing growth factors, and preventing cell death.
51 citations
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October 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively treats hirsutism, is safe, and cost-effective.
45 citations
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February 2005 in “Steroids” Four new compounds were more effective than finasteride in treating prostate issues and hair loss, with one being 100 times more active and safe for use.
38 citations
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July 2012 in “international journal of endocrinology and metabolism” Some plant-derived compounds may help with hormonal conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
29 citations
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September 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Intermittent low-dose finasteride works as well as daily use for treating excessive hair growth in women.
27 citations
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July 2009 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Finasteride safely reduces excessive hair growth in women.
18 citations
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January 2003 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively reduces hirsutism without serious side-effects.
16 citations
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September 2014 in “International Journal of Biological Markers” Longer CAG and GGN repeats increase alopecia risk, but no significant link to post-finasteride syndrome found.
12 citations
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January 2010 in “PubMed” No definitive link between finasteride and male breast cancer, but further research is needed.
10 citations
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December 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Minoxidil and spironolactone combo effectively treats androgenetic alopecia, improving hair density and diameter.