187 citations
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January 1994 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.
186 citations
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February 2015 in “Frontiers in Neuroscience” Testosterone affects brain behavior in complex and varied ways.
179 citations
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May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
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January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
165 citations
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December 2002 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.
163 citations
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November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.
160 citations
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April 2008 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” DHT in the human prostate is produced through multiple pathways, not just from testosterone.
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October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal” Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.
153 citations
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April 2009 in “Urology” Prostate cancer was a major health issue in 2009, especially for Black men, and targeting the 5alpha-reductase enzyme could help in its prevention and treatment.
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January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
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October 2004 in “Experimental dermatology” Hormones like testosterone affect skin functions and can cause skin issues when in excess; treatments to manage these effects are only somewhat effective.
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April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.
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February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility” Spironolactone reduced hair thickness and some testosterone levels in women with excessive hair growth.
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April 2003 in “Carcinogenesis” 2-Methoxyestradiol causes cancer cell death by activating specific pathways, but androgens can block this effect.
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March 1996 in “Journal of the American Chemical Society” Finasteride effectively blocks enzyme causing male pattern baldness.
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January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers developed new compounds that target the androgen receptor effectively with fewer side effects.
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January 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.
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March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
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September 1992 in “Endocrinology” The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.
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December 1997 in “Calcified Tissue International” Higher androgen levels and site-specific AR expression cause sex-related skeletal differences, and certain steroids can boost AR expression and androgen effects in bone cells.
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November 2014 in “BMC Medicine” Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.
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November 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
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September 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” Androgens have complex effects on hair growth, promoting it in some areas but causing hair loss in others, and our understanding of this is still evolving.
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
110 citations
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September 2017 in “Molecules” Forsythiae Fructus has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, with differences between unripe and ripe forms important for clinical use.
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October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
108 citations
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February 2008 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Inhibiting 5α-reductase can help reduce prostate cancer risk and improve treatment.
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June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS-like rats can lead to pregnancy complications due to increased cell death in the uterus and placenta.