September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
December 2025 in “Molecules” DPP may help hair regrowth by improving blood vessel function under stress.
39 citations
,
August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Blocking DPP4 can help activate hair growth and improve hair regeneration.
Targeting the PGI2 pathway may help heal diabetic foot ulcers.
Cadd4 effectively reduces cholesterol levels without side effects.
9 citations
,
August 2023 in “Molecules” Two peptides, RMYYY and VMYMI, may be effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
124 citations
,
November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
15 citations
,
November 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” Peptide drugs now target hard-to-reach proteins more effectively and specifically.
22 citations
,
November 2016 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Vitamin D receptor is important for regulating hair growth and wound healing in mice.
35 citations
,
July 2010 in “The FEBS journal” The study found a specific peptide that helps detect TGase 3 activity in skin and hair follicles.
June 2025 in “Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology” Papain from papaya may help treat cardiovascular diseases by breaking down fibrin.
May 2010 in “Europe PMC (PubMed Central)” Near-infrared probes can safely and effectively image cysteine protease activity for disease diagnosis.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Treprostinil, a drug, can delay wound healing in healthy cells but doesn't affect diabetic foot ulcer cells, suggesting further research could help understand its role in treating these ulcers.
5 citations
,
July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography” Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
19 citations
,
March 2017 in “Scientific Reports” HAT-L4 is crucial for preventing body fluid loss by maintaining skin barrier integrity.
New pyridine compounds effectively inhibit GSK3, a diabetes treatment target.
42 citations
,
May 1997 in “The Journal of Biochemistry” PAD type III enzyme is specific to rat skin and hair follicles.
40 citations
,
July 2023 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Targeted protein degraders show promise in treating cancer but need to target more diverse proteins.
81 citations
,
February 2019 in “Experimental & Molecular Medicine” PAK4 is crucial in cancer progression, brain development, and could be a therapeutic target, especially through the PAK4-CREB axis.
December 2009 in “생명과학회지” Thymosin β4 and VEGF are important for organ function and may help with blood vessel formation.
34 citations
,
February 2016 in “Fertility and Sterility” More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Self-assembling peptide hydrogels effectively deliver drugs locally, enhancing treatment and reducing side effects.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity” 2h-ICPR can help screen for insulin antibodies in type 2 diabetes patients.
71 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
3 citations
,
November 1998 in “PubMed”
86 citations
,
March 2018 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering” MDP hydrogel heals wounds faster and better than other treatments in diabetic mice.
39 citations
,
November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Fatp4 is crucial for healthy skin development and function.