1 citations
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July 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Cysteine strengthens hair, and glutamine fuels hair growth.
1 citations
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March 2023 in “Journal of Natural Fibers” A gentler, less damaging method for curling hair using tyrosine works well initially but fades after washing.
1 citations
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January 2013 Depilatories use chemicals to weaken hair for easy removal.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Studia Biologica” Extracted keratin from wool and hair can be used in medicine and bioengineering.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
April 2025 in “Pharmaceuticals” APA is a promising new compound for repairing damaged hair, outperforming Olaplex® in strength and elasticity.
February 2025 in “Biomimetics” The shampoo straightens hair while keeping it healthy and less damaged.
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” K18® and Olaplex® both effectively repair bleached hair, improving its strength, smoothness, and overall health.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method using 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate effectively repairs and strengthens damaged hair.
October 2023 in “Journal of Molecular Liquids” A new method using imidazole-based liquids efficiently extracts keratin from yak hair.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” Liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improves hair perming effectiveness and durability.
January 2026 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces” A silicone treatment makes damaged hair more water-resistant and stronger.
Caffeine therapy helped hair recovery after chemical and traction damage.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa has genetic links, with certain gene mutations more common in patients and a third of cases having a family history.
January 2013 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” Hair perms or treatments seem safe to use up to 3 to 4 times during pregnancy.
January 2008 in “Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory” Cysteine formation on hair indicates damage, best detected at pH 4.5.
30 citations
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September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Bleaching hair causes severe structural and chemical damage, including protein loss and oxidation.
8 citations
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February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
53 citations
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March 2006 in “Biopolymers” TTD hair is brittle due to fewer sulfur amino acids and unstable disulfide bonds.
2 citations
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
13 citations
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September 2017 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycerol treatment at pH 9.0 with ammonia causes less hair damage and better waving than thioglycolic acid.
January 2013 in “Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan” CMADK reduces hair damage from bleaching and permanent waving.
8 citations
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January 2009 in “Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan” Water-soluble wool keratin can protect human hair from damage during treatments.
PDGF signaling is crucial for cell development, wound healing, and fluid regulation in the body.
43 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
8 citations
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January 2017 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Astrotactin-2 is cleaved in a specific way that helps understand its maturation.
Permanent hairstyles, or "perms," involve chemical treatments that restructure hair to create lasting curls or waves by altering disulfide bonds in hair keratin. While perms provide durable cosmetic effects, they can damage hair shaft integrity, cause scalp irritation, and pose systemic health risks. Issues such as irritant contact dermatitis and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa are highlighted in case studies. To minimize harm, it is crucial to assess clients properly, choose the appropriate perm type, follow safe application techniques, and ensure post-treatment care. This chapter offers guidance on the chemical principles, clinical complications, and practical recommendations for safe perm practices.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study investigates the effectiveness of a plant-derived amino acid complex from Avena strigosa seed extract in repairing chemically damaged hair. The treatment significantly improved hair properties, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, glossmetry, and tensile testing. Results showed a 23% decrease in surface area porosity, a 105% increase in gloss after five washes, and up to a 30% improvement in tensile strength. Molecular assays confirmed the complex's interaction with keratin, reducing free sulfhydryl groups by 9.2% and stabilizing disulphide bonds. An in vivo study with 20 participants demonstrated enhanced shine and smoothness compared to a placebo. The A. strigosa complex effectively reinforces keratin intra-bonding, offering a promising solution for restoring hair strength and surface quality.
37 citations
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October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.