52 citations
,
February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
51 citations
,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
30 citations
,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
29 citations
,
August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
25 citations
,
December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis” Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.
24 citations
,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Sunlight exposure ages hair, making it brittle, stiff, and dry.
18 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
15 citations
,
January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.
14 citations
,
September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” UV exposure damages hair, increasing thiols and altering protein structure.
13 citations
,
September 2014 in “Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology” UV radiation increases protein loss from hair and reduces hair protein quality.
13 citations
,
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair coloring increases copper and calcium uptake, damaging hair and reducing shine.
11 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
10 citations
,
February 2018 in “Royal Society Open Science” Modified wheat protein in shampoo repairs and smooths damaged hair effectively.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
9 citations
,
July 2014 in “Skin research and technology” Stretching damages Caucasian hair's structure more easily than Asian hair.
8 citations
,
May 2017 in “IUBMB life” Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.
6 citations
,
October 2016 Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.
6 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
6 citations
,
October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” The molecular details of hair growth are not well understood.
4 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Natural polymers can protect, repair, and promote hair regrowth.
4 citations
,
August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.
4 citations
,
November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
3 citations
,
January 2002 in “Springer eBooks” Alkaline hair relaxers damage hair, but cationic and non-ionic polymers can help reduce this damage.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “Data in brief” Bleaching hair changes its structure and weakens it, which is important for understanding hair damage and creating treatments.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” DTDG in hair treatments reduces damage and preserves hair structure.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Textile Research Journal” L-cysteine and ultrasound successfully improved rabbit hair fibers for industrial use.
2 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Potassium cyanide changes hair's disulfide bonds to monosulfide, affecting high-sulfur proteins more.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” The new hair straightening method keeps hair straight permanently by using specific creams and heat.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Age-related hair curvature increases due to internal structural changes from grooming.