71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
11 citations
,
December 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Taking oral testosterone with or without dutasteride increases testosterone levels and could be an effective treatment for low testosterone.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
The oral testosterone effectively increased testosterone levels and reduced SHBG, showing promise for treating testosterone deficiency.
September 2025 in “Cureus” Equilibrium dialysis can accurately measure testosterone levels when lab results are inconsistent.
Testosterone pellet therapy may better address hormone imbalances in aging by focusing on local hormone production and symptom relief.
72 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
11 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
5 citations
,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
23 citations
,
June 2019 in “Bioanalysis” Monitoring steroid hormones in blood can better detect testosterone doping.
21 citations
,
December 2012 in “Maturitas” Testosterone implants in women require pharmacological dosing to be effective and are generally safe and well-tolerated.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Biotechnology Letters” Researchers found four natural compounds that can change DHT levels in prostate cancer cells.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
29 citations
,
November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Using LC-MS/MS for hormone measurement can prevent false high testosterone results and avoid unnecessary tests.
37 citations
,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
September 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
6 citations
,
November 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” New oral testosterone formulations show potential for safer, effective hormone replacement in men with low testosterone.
59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
7 citations
,
May 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.
May 2022 in “Reactions Weekly”