88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
39 citations
,
November 2021 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone replacement is recommended for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism.
36 citations
,
March 2007 in “Journal of Chromatography B” Hair analysis can detect testosterone in horses after drug administration.
35 citations
,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
16 citations
,
November 2021 in “Antioxidants” Managing oxidative stress might help treat low testosterone and related chronic diseases in aging men.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
6 citations
,
February 2021 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Cyclosporine-A can cause serious blood clots in the brain, so patients need careful monitoring.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
5 citations
,
December 2022 in “The journal of the Intensive Care Society/Journal of the Intensive Care Society” Transgender patients in critical care need better-trained medical staff and specific guidelines.
5 citations
,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
4 citations
,
May 2024 in “Steroids” The method accurately measures sex hormones in human plasma but can have small errors.
4 citations
,
October 2023 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some medications and supplements can affect male fertility, with some improving and others harming sperm quality.
3 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Testosterone Replacement Therapy can improve sexual health in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on its long-term effects.
3 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Ficus benghalensis leaf extracts can effectively promote hair growth and inhibit hair loss.
3 citations
,
March 2018 in “Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)” Anabolic agents can cause cardiovascular and behavioral issues in athletes.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.
2 citations
,
July 2025 in “Forensic Sciences” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can damage the brain, causing mood and cognitive problems.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse can cause heart damage and sudden death.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
March 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Topical 3% minoxidil effectively and safely enhances facial hair in transgender men.
February 2026 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Transgender women have similar fitness to cisgender women, while transgender men have higher fat and lower strength than cisgender men; hormone therapy affects body composition and strength.
September 2025 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” Finasteride is safe and effective for hair loss in transgender men, but may affect testosterone therapy.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.