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GlossaryEndoplasmic Reticulum

network of membranes in cells for protein and lipid synthesis

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within a cell that plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. There are two types: Rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and primarily involved in protein synthesis, and Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

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research Endoplasmic reticulum in health and disease: the 12th International Calreticulin Workshop, Delphi, Greece

13 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine”

The workshop discussed the role of a protein called calreticulin in health and disease, its potential as a treatment target, and its possible use as a disease marker.

research Endoplasmic reticulum stress at the crossroads of progeria and atherosclerosis

11 citations , March 2019 in “EMBO molecular medicine”

A defective protein in progeria causes cell death and atherosclerosis, but a treatment targeting cell stress may reduce these effects.

Probiotic-Functionalized Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Scaffolds With Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Relieving Properties For Promoted Scarless Wound Healing

research Probiotic-Functionalized Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Scaffolds with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Relieving Properties for Promoted Scarless Wound Healing

7 citations , January 2023 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces”

Probiotic-coated silk/alginate scaffolds help heal wounds faster and with less scarring.

research A novel MBTPS2 variant associated with BRESHECK syndrome impairs sterol‐regulated transcription and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

5 citations , October 2021 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A”

A new genetic variant causes BRESHECK syndrome by disrupting cell growth and stress response.

Melatonin Protects Cochlear Hair Cells from Nicotine-Induced Injury Through Inhibiting Apoptosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

research Melatonin protects cochlear hair cells from nicotine‐induced injury through inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress

5 citations , July 2021 in “Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology”

Melatonin may protect ear cells from damage caused by nicotine.

research A bibliometric analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress and atherosclerosis

1 citations , June 2024 in “Frontiers in Physiology”

Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a key role in developing atherosclerosis.

research Role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea in iron chelation and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in colorectal cancer cells

December 2018

Green tea compound EGCG could potentially treat colorectal cancer by removing iron and causing stress in cancer cells leading to their death.

research 616 Endoplasmic reticulum stress upregulates NKG2D ligands in the hair follicle

April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Stress in hair follicle cells increases certain immune-related proteins, which might contribute to hair loss conditions.

research The Interplay between Finasteride-Induced Androgen Imbalance, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Liver Disorders in Paternal and Filial Generation

October 2022 in “Biomedicines”

Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.

Connection Between Granulosa Cell Pyroptosis and Oocyte Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research Connection between granulosa cell pyroptosis and oocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome

2 citations , November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.

research Calreticulin: non‐endoplasmic reticulum functions in physiology and disease

341 citations , November 2009 in “The FASEB Journal”

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

research Electro-optical imaging of F-actin and endoplasmic reticulum in living and fixed plant cells.

11 citations , January 1996 in “PubMed”

Imaging living plant cells shows dynamic changes in actin and endoplasmic reticulum linked to root hair growth.

research OBESITY-RELATED FACTORS INVOLVED IN ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS INDUCTION IN ADIPOCYTES

January 2015 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)”

Adipose tissue changes in obesity can trigger stress in fat cells.

research Forsythiaside A ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic effects by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress

24 citations , February 2023 in “BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies”

Forsythiaside A reduces kidney damage from sepsis by lowering inflammation and cell death.

Forsythiaside A Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Mediating the Activation of the Nrf2 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways

research Forsythiaside A protects against focal cerebral ischemic injury by mediating the activation of the Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways

12 citations , May 2019 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Forsythiaside A helps reduce brain damage from lack of blood flow by activating certain protective pathways.

research Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis

215 citations , March 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology”

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

research Generating Disulfides in Multicellular Organisms: Emerging Roles for a New Flavoprotein Family

75 citations , March 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

QSOX enzymes help form protein bonds in cells, especially in tissues with high secretory activity.

research Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome

71 citations , January 2011 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases”

IFAP syndrome is a rare genetic disorder causing skin, hair, and eye issues, with limited treatment options.

research Spermidine Promotes Human Hair Growth and Is a Novel Modulator of Human Epithelial Stem Cell Functions

61 citations , July 2011 in “PLOS ONE”

Spermidine may help reduce hair loss and deserves further testing as a treatment.

research Electron Microscope Studies of the Human Epidermis The Clear Cell of Masson (Dendritic Cell or Melanocyte)

56 citations , November 1958 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

A unique skin cell similar to hair bulb melanocytes was identified, with better preservation using permanganate fixation.

research Bi-allelic Mutations in LSS, Encoding Lanosterol Synthase, Cause Autosomal-Recessive Hypotrichosis Simplex

55 citations , November 2018 in “American journal of human genetics”

Mutations in the LSS gene cause a rare type of hereditary hair loss.

research Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

40 citations , November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.

research Proline-rich protein-like PRPL1 controls elongation of root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana

37 citations , August 2014 in “Journal of experimental botany”

A gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPRPL1, affects root hair length but not cell wall composition.

research Using the zebrafish lateral line to uncover novel mechanisms of action and prevention in drug-induced hair cell death

34 citations , February 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience”

Zebrafish helped find new ways to prevent drug-induced hair cell death and potential treatments for hearing loss.

research Structural and dynamic insights into substrate binding and catalysis of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase

20 citations , March 2013 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

The research explains how a human enzyme binds and processes its substrate, which could relate to its role in biological functions and hair loss.