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January 2009 in “Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Cells from the upper hair follicle grow more actively, suggesting stem cells may be located there.
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
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May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” Catalytic antibodies are early indicators and active participants in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
November 2025 in “Chemistry - An Asian Journal” EISA uses enzymes to create precise nanostructures in cells, offering new ways to design adaptive materials and therapies.
January 2024 in “Journal of chemical health risks” Gold nanoparticles show promise for treating inflammatory bowel disease by reducing inflammation and colon injury.
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January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
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May 1997 in “The Journal of Biochemistry” PAD type III enzyme is specific to rat skin and hair follicles.
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April 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain genetic changes in the LSS gene cause a rare skin and hair condition.
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October 2023 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Different PADI isoforms help cells develop diverse functions.
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June 2023 in “Journal of cell science” Mutations in iRhom2 affect hair and skin in mice and are linked to esophageal cancer, with ADAM17 playing a crucial role.
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January 2023 in “Bioresource Technology Reports” Enzymes can release hydrocarbons from Botryococcus braunii without harming cells, suggesting potential for continuous extraction.
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April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
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January 2015 in “MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri)” Probiotics improve soil quality and plant root growth but not auxin content.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic variants in specific genes cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.
L-PGDS has specific binding sites for its functions and could help in drug delivery system design.
Mutations in the PADI3 gene may cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in women of African ancestry.
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January 2005 in “Endocrine journal” Melatonin is important for skin health and protection, and can be made by the skin or applied to it.
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April 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The AVET system effectively delivers genes to human keratinocytes and may help treat skin diseases.
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August 2023 in “Andrology” Finasteride changes hormone levels and certain proteins in rats, but these effects can be reversed after stopping the drug.
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December 2001 in “Urology” Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.
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January 2019 in “Nature communications” High lactate dehydrogenase activity is not necessary for the growth of squamous cell carcinoma.
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May 2019 in “PLOS genetics” Mutations in the HEPHL1 gene cause abnormal hair and cognitive issues.
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April 2019 in “Environmental Science and Pollution Research” Eating selenium-rich rice improved antioxidant activity and signs of aging in mice.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
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November 1995 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical finasteride and flutamide reduce gland size and enzyme activity, with flutamide being more potent, potentially treating acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.
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April 2014 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Sulfotransferase in hair follicles helps predict how well minoxidil works for female hair loss.
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August 2015 in “PLOS ONE” Finasteride affects brain stress and enzyme activity differently in various regions, possibly helping with liver-related brain issues.
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January 2017 in “Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine” Some vegetables from Northern Thailand show promise for health benefits, including hair loss treatment and antioxidant properties.
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January 2007 in “Journal of health science” The enzymatic method can effectively identify chemical treatments on hair.