The role of 5α-reductase-3 in prostate cancer is unclear and needs more research.
The estrogen receptor pathway controls hair growth cycles and affects skin cell growth.
151 citations
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August 2011 in “The EMBO Journal” The enzyme PA-PLA1α is important for proper hair follicle development.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
1 citations
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August 2025 in “Epigenetics & Chromatin” H3K4me3 helps control RSPO3 to influence hair growth and development.
January 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” The synthetic retinoid EC23 thickens skin and promotes hair growth more effectively and with a lower dose than natural retinoids.
41 citations
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September 1991 in “Medical hypotheses” Prolactin may be important for skin growth and immune function.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme CD73 helps control human hair growth and could be targeted to treat hair growth disorders.
4 citations
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November 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research” Targeting NMMHC IIA may help treat blood-brain barrier damage.
62 citations
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January 2009 in “Biochemistry” Vitamin D receptor binds similarly to natural and synthetic ligands, affecting gene regulation.
54 citations
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October 2023 in “Oncogene” p63 is essential for controlling epithelial stem cells and tissue health.
March 2026 in “Cell Death Discovery” Targeting the p63 gene could help treat skin diseases.
51 citations
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September 2000 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” PPAR alpha may help in hair growth and could be a target for treatment.
ERK activation spreads between cells in mouse skin, linked to cell division and influenced by TPA and EGF receptors.
May 2025 in “Experimental Dermatology” Triphenylphosphine oxide can increase oil production and reduce inflammation in skin cells without affecting TRPM5.
38 citations
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April 2017 in “PLOS Genetics” GRHL3 is important for controlling gene activity in skin cells during different stages of their development.
10 citations
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November 2009 in “Pigment cell & melanoma research” The document concludes that MGRN1 affects mouse fur color by interfering with a receptor's signaling, but its full role in the body is still unknown.
66 citations
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April 1995 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” A new protein was made to detect specific skin cell growth receptors and worked in normal skin but not in skin cancer cells.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” ILC1-like cells can cause alopecia areata by themselves.
June 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Dopaminergic neurons in the gut have distinct subtypes, some releasing both dopamine and acetylcholine.
45 citations
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August 2010 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Type 3 5α-reductase is more common and finasteride and dutasteride strongly inhibit it.
5 citations
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February 2019 in “Neuroscience letters” Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.
28 citations
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October 2014 in “Development” Fz3 and Fz6 can partially replace each other in tissue polarity and axon guidance.
15 citations
,
February 2000 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The arrector pili muscle attaches to the extracellular matrix using α5β1 integrin and connects muscle cells using α1β1 integrin.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
13 citations
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June 2017 in “Biochimie open” All five human steroid 5α-reductase enzymes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum.
September 2014 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” Certain histamine receptors (H2R, H3R, H4R) have unique roles in treating skin diseases, with H2R helping with chronic urticaria and other conditions, H3R providing pain relief and allergy benefits, and H4R reducing inflammation and itchiness.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with atopic dermatitis have more CD4+ T cells that respond to a certain bacterial lipid, which may play a role in the skin condition's inflammation.
158 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of Lipid Research” Lysophospholipids can act as anti-inflammatory agents through specific receptors, but more research is needed.
1 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.