59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
47 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
21 citations
,
November 2010 in “Talanta” Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.
14 citations
,
April 2024 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 5α-reductases increase epitestosterone's effect on androgen receptors.
103 citations
,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
29 citations
,
February 2004 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Men with early balding often have hormone levels similar to women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
12 citations
,
June 2006 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Doping in football faces legal challenges with testosterone limits, hair loss treatments, and recreational drug use.
April 2016 in “Annals of laboratory medicine” The method reliably profiles eicosanoids and shows epitestosterone reduces their levels, similar to common anti-inflammatory drugs.
March 2012 in “Society for Endocrinology BES 2012” A new method was developed to analyze certain hormones and drugs in human blood efficiently.
12 citations
,
March 2000 in “Clinical Chemistry” Chronic DHEA supplementation slightly increases testosterone in hair but stays within safe limits.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
59 citations
,
January 1976 in “Vitamins and hormones” Prostate cells have proteins that bind to specific hormones, which can increase protein production when activated by these hormones.
10 citations
,
November 2012 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Korean and Caucasian men with male pattern baldness have different hair steroid levels.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
1 citations
,
January 2021 January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Han'gug sigpum yeong'yang gwahag hoeji/Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition” Eurycoma longifolia extract may help increase testosterone levels and reduce andropause symptoms.
5 citations
,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.
43 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
September 2025 in “Cureus” Equilibrium dialysis can accurately measure testosterone levels when lab results are inconsistent.
17 citations
,
April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
7 citations
,
January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone with dutasteride improves muscle strength and body composition in trans men.
May 2022 in “Reactions Weekly” 53 citations
,
July 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone boosts red blood cell production and changes iron metabolism without needing dihydrotestosterone.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone affects androgen receptors and lipid storage in cells, while DHEA does not convert to testosterone or affect these receptors in the same way.
33 citations
,
December 2015 in “Neuroendocrinology” Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.