18 citations
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June 2016 in “PeerJ” Testosterone increases certain kidney protein levels, potentially raising blood pressure.
29 citations
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November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
229 citations
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March 2001 in “European journal of endocrinology” Testosterone levels influence male behaviors and physical traits, but this relationship is complex and influenced by both internal and external factors.
February 2016 in “PubMed” Properly administered testosterone therapy is safe and effective but often not covered by insurance.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Testosterone makes XX skin more like male skin by changing its structure and cell makeup.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
3 citations
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December 2000 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study created a new method to test drugs that affect hormone processing in skin.
4 citations
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February 2009 in “Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey” Testosterone patches can modestly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy.
96 citations
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September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
28 citations
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November 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The normal human prostate does not significantly affect blood DHT levels.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
506 citations
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March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
2 citations
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April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
13 citations
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August 1997 in “Steroids” Finasteride effectively lowers specific hormone levels, helping monitor treatment progress.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
8 citations
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August 2015 in “Endocrine”
403 citations
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November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.
155 citations
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October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal” Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.
3 citations
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February 2025 in “Endocrine” Confirm testosterone levels with advanced tests to avoid unnecessary procedures.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Using LC-MS/MS for hormone measurement can prevent false high testosterone results and avoid unnecessary tests.
January 2017 in “STARS (University of Central Florida)” Steroid hormones can be preserved in ancient hair, revealing insights into past health and fertility.
November 2025 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Epristeride's metabolism involves key metabolites and proteins, affecting its use in doping tests.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “International journal of endocrinology” Dihydrotestosterone changes some hormone-related gene expressions in rat pituitary glands but doesn't affect the estrous cycle.
11 citations
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July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
4 citations
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August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
12 citations
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February 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” 192 citations
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January 1976 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen levels increase with puberty and are linked to sexual hair development.