418 citations
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June 2003 in “Endocrine Reviews” While PCOS might increase the risk of heart disease, there's not strong evidence to prove it causes earlier heart problems.
343 citations
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December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
The document concludes that most hair loss treatments don't work, balding isn't caused by dandruff, and hair loss may indicate serious health issues that require medical attention.
25 citations
,
June 2012 in “Endocrine” PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.
3 citations
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March 2024 in “Viruses” γδ T cells are essential for wound healing after poxvirus infection.
5 citations
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April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Aging skin shows thinner layers, fewer hair follicles, and new biomarkers like increased space between cells and smaller sebaceous glands.
101 citations
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March 2019 in “Cell Stem Cell” Certain immune cells in the skin release a protein that stops hair growth by keeping hair stem cells inactive.
26 citations
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July 2012 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects” The review found that different stem cell types in the skin are crucial for repair and could help treat skin diseases and cancer.
143 citations
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September 2008 in “Experimental gerontology” Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.
223 citations
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January 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The conclusion is that proper signaling is crucial for hair growth and development, and errors can lead to cancer or hair loss.
51 citations
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September 2020 in “Cell Metabolism” Glutamine metabolism affects hair stem cell maintenance and their ability to change back to stem cells.
June 2025 in “CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians” Transgender men need personalized cancer care and continued testosterone therapy for well-being.
130 citations
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September 2018 in “Cell Reports” Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.
115 citations
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November 2004 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity” Stress increases nerve fibers and immune cell activity in mouse skin, possibly worsening skin conditions.
45 citations
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January 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.
14 citations
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February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
12 citations
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June 2019 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Allopregnanolone is needed for certain brain processing issues caused by D1 dopamine receptor activation.
5 citations
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October 2021 in “Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift” The protocol is easy to use, but reliable results need the same person to assess each time.
391 citations
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September 2015 in “Journal of Clinical Lipidology” The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.
308 citations
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December 2018 in “PLOS Genetics” The research found that PCOS has common genetic factors regardless of how it is diagnosed and is linked to metabolic and reproductive issues.
256 citations
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October 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Growing human skin cells in a 3D environment can stimulate new hair growth.
150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
106 citations
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March 2013 in “Nature Communications” A new genetic region, 17q21.31, is linked to higher ovarian cancer risk.
42 citations
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March 2008 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Hormones and neuroendocrine factors control hair growth and color, and more research could lead to new hair treatment options.
33 citations
,
September 2012 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Applying calreticulin can speed up wound healing in diabetics.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
16 citations
,
July 2012 in “Current pharmaceutical biotechnology” New treatments for skin conditions related to the sebaceous gland are being developed based on current research.
3 citations
,
July 2022 in “Problemy èndokrinologii” Metformin, a diabetes drug, may also help fight cancer, but more research is needed to understand how.
April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A gene network led by RSL4 is crucial for early root hair growth in response to cold in Arabidopsis thaliana.
March 2014 in “Medicina cutánea ibero-latino-americana” Melatonin applied to the scalp helps increase hair density in people with early hair loss.