1 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
116 citations
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December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
19 citations
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July 1990 in “Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine” Androgen excess disorders in women were effectively treated with spironolactone, estrogen, and dexamethasone.
4 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” Gender-affirming hormone therapy in South Korea aligns with international guidelines and has specific side effects.
1 citations
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January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
14 citations
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November 2006 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New treatments for enlarged prostate are being developed to be more effective and have fewer side effects.
April 1981 in “Postgraduate Medicine” In 1981, the punch graft technique was the main method for hair transplantation, and medical treatments for baldness were not very effective.
21 citations
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February 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormonal therapies help treat female hair loss, but results are slow and vary.
20 citations
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July 2006 in “Veterinary dermatology” Melatonin helped some Pomeranian dogs regrow hair, but it wasn't linked to estrogen receptors.
30 citations
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December 2001 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hormonal therapy is a good option for women with severe acne, especially when there's a chance of hormone imbalance.
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January 1997 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.
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February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
Knee laxity varies with menstrual cycle phases, being highest during ovulation and menstruation, and is influenced by sex-steroids.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
10 citations
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December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
6 citations
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January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptors may not affect mouse hair growth as previously thought, and oxybenzone in sunscreen is stable in sunlight.
55 citations
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June 2012 in “Steroids” Testosterone affects vascular cells directly without converting to estradiol.
11 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
3 citations
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February 2005 in “Aktuelle Dermatologie” Prolactin and TGF-β receptor blockers might help treat hair loss.
150 citations
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April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
130 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
77 citations
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April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.