22 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatology” Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
19 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
18 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Estrogen therapy helped regrow hair in a bald man.
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
11 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.
9 citations
,
March 2020 in “Gene” Certain gene variants in estrogen receptors are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome, mainly affecting metabolism, in Tunisian women.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
8 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical estrogen treatments did not change hair growth in certain mouse strains, questioning previous findings on their role in hair growth control.
7 citations
,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
6 citations
,
January 2010 in “Neoplasma” Certain gene patterns in breast cancer are linked to how active hormone receptors are and could affect patient survival.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
3 citations
,
December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
3 citations
,
May 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Changing estrogen levels during menopause might affect genes related to body rhythms and cause increased hair loss.
3 citations
,
April 2010 in “The FASEB Journal” Estrogen and MLL enzymes work together to regulate genes important for hair growth and leukemia.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
3 citations
,
December 2011 in “Pediatric Dermatology” The patient's long-term hair loss was caused by leukemia treatments and low estrogen levels, worsened by her genetic tendency for hair loss.
1 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.
1 citations
,
January 2004 in “PubMed” NGF and minoxidil promote hair growth, while 17 beta-E2 inhibits it.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” Estrogen therapy can help stabilize the hairline in transfeminine individuals.
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Frontiers in Oncology” Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy led to a better future outlook than chemotherapy, with no major quality of life differences.
1 citations
,
January 2002 in “Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hair loss in androgenic alopecia may be linked to increased local androgen activities, but not to estrogen levels.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Estrogen affects hair growth, and GPER-1 levels might help identify hair loss types.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.